Question 1

Figure 50.2

-Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than Area 2. 
B) Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature. 
C) Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a large annual temperature variation. 
A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than Area 2. 
B) Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature. 
C) Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a large annual temperature variation. B

Question 2

Figure 50.3

-Based on the data in Figure 50.3,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The data from Area 1 describes a subtropical desert. 
B) The data from Area 2 describes an arctic tundra. 
C) The data from Area 1 describes a tropical wet forest. 
D) The data from Area 2 describes a boreal forest. 
A) The data from Area 1 describes a subtropical desert. 
B) The data from Area 2 describes an arctic tundra. 
C) The data from Area 1 describes a tropical wet forest. 
D) The data from Area 2 describes a boreal forest. D

Question 3

Figure 50.1
  
-Which of the following biomes has the highest variation in annual temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) subtropical deserts 
B) arctic tundra 
C) temperate forests 
D) temperate grasslands 
E) boreal forests 
A) subtropical deserts 
B) arctic tundra 
C) temperate forests 
D) temperate grasslands 
E) boreal forests E

Question 4

For a species to be called "invasive," it must _____.

Accepted Answer

A) be introduced to a new area 
B) spread rapidly in this new area 
C) eliminate native species 
D) be introduced to a new area and spread rapidly in this new area 
E) be introduced to a new area,spread rapidly in this area,and eliminate native species 
A) be introduced to a new area 
B) spread rapidly in this new area 
C) eliminate native species 
D) be introduced to a new area and spread rapidly in this new area 
E) be introduced to a new area,spread rapidly in this area,and eliminate native species

Question 5

Besides sunlight,which would be the next most important climatic factors for plants?

Accepted Answer

A) wind and fire 
B) moisture and wind 
C) temperature and wind 
D) temperature and moisture 
A) wind and fire 
B) moisture and wind 
C) temperature and wind 
D) temperature and moisture

Question 6

A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Accepted Answer

A) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
B) The low oxygen content would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. 
C) The temperature change would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The change in water solute content would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish. 
E) The flux of nutrients washing into the estuary would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. 
A) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
B) The low oxygen content would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. 
C) The temperature change would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The change in water solute content would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish. 
E) The flux of nutrients washing into the estuary would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically.

Question 7

Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?

Accepted Answer

A) speciation ecology 
B) population ecology 
C) community ecology 
D) ecosystem ecology 
E) None of the above focuses on abiotic factors. 
A) speciation ecology 
B) population ecology 
C) community ecology 
D) ecosystem ecology 
E) None of the above focuses on abiotic factors.

Question 8

Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater,just like lakes and ponds.However,wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) wetlands have shallow water 
B) wetlands have emergent vegetation 
C) wetlands have oxygen-poor water 
D) wetlands have shallow water and emergent vegetation 
E) wetlands have emergent vegetation and oxygen-poor water 
A) wetlands have shallow water 
B) wetlands have emergent vegetation 
C) wetlands have oxygen-poor water 
D) wetlands have shallow water and emergent vegetation 
E) wetlands have emergent vegetation and oxygen-poor water

Question 9

In deep water,which of the following abiotic factors would most limit productivity?

Accepted Answer

A) temperature 
B) light availability 
C) solute concentration 
D) all of the above 
A) temperature 
B) light availability 
C) solute concentration 
D) all of the above

Question 10

The specific abiotic factors defining a biome are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) maximum annual temperature and moisture levels 
B) average annual temperature and moisture levels 
C) annual variation in temperature and precipitation 
D) maximum annual temperatures,moisture levels,and average annual temperature 
E) average annual temperature,moisture levels,and annual variation in temperature and precipitation 
A) maximum annual temperature and moisture levels 
B) average annual temperature and moisture levels 
C) annual variation in temperature and precipitation 
D) maximum annual temperatures,moisture levels,and average annual temperature 
E) average annual temperature,moisture levels,and annual variation in temperature and precipitation

Question 11

Figure 50.4
  
-Based on Figure 50.4,and knowing what you know about cattle,what is the most logical conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by temperature. 
B) Tsetse flies somehow negatively affect cattle. 
C) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by grass distribution. 
D) Cattle somehow affect the reproduction of the tsetse fly. 
A) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by temperature. 
B) Tsetse flies somehow negatively affect cattle. 
C) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by grass distribution. 
D) Cattle somehow affect the reproduction of the tsetse fly.

Question 12

What is the main difference between climate and weather?

Accepted Answer

A) Weather typically describes a larger area than climate. 
B) Climate typically describes longer-term conditions. 
C) Climate typically describes shorter-term conditions. 
D) Weather includes temperature and climate does not. 
E) Climate is primarily a term used by ecologists;weather is primarily a term used by the general public. 
A) Weather typically describes a larger area than climate. 
B) Climate typically describes longer-term conditions. 
C) Climate typically describes shorter-term conditions. 
D) Weather includes temperature and climate does not. 
E) Climate is primarily a term used by ecologists;weather is primarily a term used by the general public.

Question 13

Use the following abstract from the International Journal of Climatology to answer the corresponding question(s).
Abstract:
The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows large intraseasonal and interannual variability.Break-monsoon conditions are one of the important epochs of the monsoon,and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon.The National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data sets are used to investigate the significant energy budget terms during the pre-break (5 days prior to the commencement of the break),break and post-break (5 days after the cessation of the break)periods.In the present study,certain dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the monsoon circulation during break-monsoon conditions are investigated.The important terms in the various energy budget equations are analysed between the surface and 100 hPa for the break and its departures from pre- and post-break for the period 1968-96.The statistical significance of these departures is also examined by Student's t-test at the 95% confidence level.The volume integral of the budget terms is also examined in four sectors,i.e. ,the Arabian Sea,Bay of Bengal,northern India and central India.Significant changes in the wind field and vorticity at 850 hPa take place in the monsoon trough zone,coastal regions of the western coast of India and the southwestern Bay of Bengal of the southern Indian coast.The vertically upward rising arm of the Hadley cell weakens during the break phase.The strong flux convergence of kinetic energy in the central Arabian Sea and flux divergence in the northeastern Bay of Bengal weakens during pre- and post-break periods.Significant changes in the diabatic heating horizontal flux of heat and moisture are observed in the monsoon trough zone,central and northwestern Bay of Bengal.The Bay of Bengal and central India sectors show higher magnitudes and changes in respect of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters compared with the Arabian Sea and northern India.
-Using the Bhatla et al.(2004)reference and your knowledge about the Hadley cell,would you expect a difference in thermodynamic parameters with monsoon magnitude and variability with latitude?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes 
B) No 
C) From the information given,it is impossible to tell if there will be a difference in thermodynamic parameters with monsoon magnitude and variability with latitude. 
A) Yes 
B) No 
C) From the information given,it is impossible to tell if there will be a difference in thermodynamic parameters with monsoon magnitude and variability with latitude.

Question 14

Figure 50.1
  
-In Figure 50.1,which number would designate the arctic tundra biome?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) The arctic tundra is not designated by a number in Figure 50.1. 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) The arctic tundra is not designated by a number in Figure 50.1.

Question 15

Which of the following organisms is likely to have the widest geographic distribution?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) Thermus aquaticus bacteria 
C) polar bears 
D) cheetahs 
E) songbirds 
A) bacteria 
B) Thermus aquaticus bacteria 
C) polar bears 
D) cheetahs 
E) songbirds

Question 16

Theoretically,which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B) Extensively water the deserts. 
C) Heat the poles. 
D) Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude. 
A) Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B) Extensively water the deserts. 
C) Heat the poles. 
D) Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude.

Question 17

Figure 50.3

-Based on the data in Figure 50.3,which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than Area 2. 
B) Area 1 has a higher average temperature than Area 2. 
C) Both areas have low variation in monthly precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a lower annual temperature variation compared to Area 1. 
A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than Area 2. 
B) Area 1 has a higher average temperature than Area 2. 
C) Both areas have low variation in monthly precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a lower annual temperature variation compared to Area 1.

Question 18

The carnivorous pitcher plant is successful in bog habitats because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) it can tolerate lack of oxygen in the bog water 
B) it can tolerate the high acidity of the bog water 
C) it has a strategy to get nitrogen,which gives it a competitive advantage 
D) it can gain oxygen in an unusual way 
A) it can tolerate lack of oxygen in the bog water 
B) it can tolerate the high acidity of the bog water 
C) it has a strategy to get nitrogen,which gives it a competitive advantage 
D) it can gain oxygen in an unusual way

Question 19

What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual 23.5 degrees?

Accepted Answer

A) The seasons would disappear. 
B) Winters and summers would be more severe. 
C) Winters and summers would be less severe. 
D) The seasons would be shorter. 
A) The seasons would disappear. 
B) Winters and summers would be more severe. 
C) Winters and summers would be less severe. 
D) The seasons would be shorter.

Question 20

Cheatgrass has been able to invade dry,temperate grasslands and the arid,shrub-dominated habitats (sage-steppe)of North America.Which of the following is not a reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Cheatgrass is an annual,so there are seeds in the ground ready to grow any year. 
B) Cheatgrass is somewhat fire tolerant. 
C) Cheatgrass promotes fire frequency and increases fire intensity. 
D) Cheatgrass competes successfully with bunchgrasses for water and nutrients. 
E) All of the above are valid reasons. 
A) Cheatgrass is an annual,so there are seeds in the ground ready to grow any year. 
B) Cheatgrass is somewhat fire tolerant. 
C) Cheatgrass promotes fire frequency and increases fire intensity. 
D) Cheatgrass competes successfully with bunchgrasses for water and nutrients. 
E) All of the above are valid reasons.

Exam 50: An Introduction to Ecology

Figure 50.2 -Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is false?

Figure 50.3 -Based on the data in Figure 50.3,which of the following statements is true?

Figure 50.1 -Which of the following biomes has the highest variation in annual temperature?

For a species to be called "invasive," it must _____.

Besides sunlight,which would be the next most important climatic factors for plants?

A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?

Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater,just like lakes and ponds.However,wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because _____.

In deep water,which of the following abiotic factors would most limit productivity?

The specific abiotic factors defining a biome are _____.

Figure 50.4 -Based on Figure 50.4,and knowing what you know about cattle,what is the most logical conclusion?

What is the main difference between climate and weather?

Figure 50.1 -In Figure 50.1,which number would designate the arctic tundra biome?

Which of the following organisms is likely to have the widest geographic distribution?

Theoretically,which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

Figure 50.3 -Based on the data in Figure 50.3,which of the following statements is false?

The carnivorous pitcher plant is successful in bog habitats because _____.

What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual 23.5 degrees?

Cheatgrass has been able to invade dry,temperate grasslands and the arid,shrub-dominated habitats (sage-steppe)of North America.Which of the following is not a reason for this?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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