Chat with AIExam 20: Neurologic System
Describe the function of the PNS.
(40) 
VerifiedThe PNS carries messages to the CNS from sensory receptors and from the CNS to muscles and glands.
Name the two parts of the nervous system.
(36) VerifiedThe central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and their branches.
List developmental considerations for infants and older adults.
(36) VerifiedInfants
Neurologic system not completely developed at birth
Neurons not yet myelinated
Movements directed primarily by primitive reflexes
Sensory and motor development proceeds along with the gradual acquisition of myelin,
Following a cephalocaudal and proximodistal order
Aging Adult
Steady loss of neurons in the brain and spinal cord is evidenced by:
General loss of muscle bulk
Loss of muscle tone in the face and neck and around the spine
Decreased muscle strength
Impaired fine coordination and agility
Loss of vibratory sense at the ankle
Decreased or absent Achilles reflex
Loss of position sense at the great toe
Irregular pupil shape
Decreased pupillary reflexes
Decrease in nerve conduction velocity between 5% and 10%-may affect reaction time
Increased delay at the synapse-impulse takes longer to travel
Sensation of pain and touch may be diminished
Diminished sense of taste and smell
Slowing of motor system
Decrease in muscle strength and agility
Possible muscle tremors and dyskinesias
Progressive decrease in cerebral blood flow-dizziness and loss of balance with position change
Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the neurologic system.
(44) Relate the name and function of each of the 12 cranial nerves to its assessment.
(37) 
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