Exam 13: Work Values and Work Orientations

Kelly works extremely hard because he feels that this is the right way to live. He saves as much money as he can, and is critical of his friends who spend their money on what he thinks are nonessential things. If he could travel back in time, in which of the following religious or cultural groups would he be most comfortable?

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Question 1

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Which of the following aspects of Karl Marx's writings about capitalism did he share with Renaissance philosophies about what it means to be human?

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Question 2

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In his analysis of the class structure of Britain in the 1950s, David Lockwood described three different types of workers. Identify and define these three types and note which were becoming more common, according to Lockwood.

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Question 3

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In his analysis of the class structure of Britain in the 1950s, David Lockwood described three different types of workers: the traditional working class, the new affluent workers, and the embourgeoisé workers.

The traditional working class consisted of manual laborers and factory workers who had little job security and low wages. The new affluent workers were skilled workers who had higher wages and more job security, often working in industries such as engineering or skilled trades. The embourgeoisé workers were those who had moved up from the working class through education and professional careers, often working in white-collar jobs.

According to Lockwood, the new affluent workers and embourgeoisé workers were becoming more common in the 1950s, as industrialization and economic growth led to an increase in skilled and professional jobs. This shift was contributing to changes in the class structure of Britain, with a growing middle class and a decline in the traditional working class.

Women continue to be responsible for much more caring work in our society, compared to men. Women also earn less than men, on average, typically work in different occupations, and more frequently hold nonstandard jobs. Does this mean that women also tend to have different work orientations? Explain your answer with reference to recent research.

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Question 4

In recent decades, some politicians have expressed concerns about a declining work ethic among the poorest members of society. Recent research typically leads to which of the following conclusions?

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Question 5

Martin Luther, a 16th-century Protestant leader, used the concept of a "calling" to describe which of the following beliefs?

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Question 6

At a family gathering, your uncle, a lawyer, starts talking about how "crazy" life is becoming. The people he works with brag about their long hours, and burn themselves out trying to make more money to buy expensive cars and clothes. He says he can't believe they are "doing this to themselves," and that we need to think more about improving society and less about working hard to get rich. Which of the following authors would you suggest he read, since they make the same arguments?

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Question 7

Labour markets and workplaces have changed dramatically over the past three or four decades. At the same time, we have seen significant shifts in age, gender, and ethnic characteristics of the labour force. Have work orientations also changed as a result? Why or why not? Explain the nature of any changes you believe have occurred, making reference to material from this or previous textbook chapters.

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Question 8

The Japanese economy began to change rapidly in the 1990s. Which of the following occurred during this time?

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Question 9

Which of the following best defines the concept "underclass"?

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Question 10

Briefly outline the core argument in Max Weber's book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

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Question 11

Recent research on the work commitment of Canadian youth leads to which of the following conclusions?

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Question 12

Canada's resource-extraction communities often attract large numbers of workers who come there to make a lot of money quickly. They don't have any strong feelings, either negative or positive, about their bosses, since all they are interested in is earning money and spending it, either immediately or some time later. Which of the following concepts would David Lockwood have used to identify such workers?

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Question 13

An historical examination of the meaning of work leads us to which of the following conclusions?

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Question 14

Which of the following arguments is made by Jeremy Rifkin in his book The End of Work?

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Question 15

Which of the following conclusions best reflects recent Canadian research on the work orientations of adult women and men?

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Question 16

In the British TV series Downton Abbey, the servants working for the wealthy upper-class family are usually very loyal and generally seem to accept that the rigid class structure within which they live and work as the way things should be. In his analysis of class relations in Britain in the mid-20th century, David Lockwood would have used which of the following concepts to describe such servants?

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Question 17

Andre Gorz, Jeremy Rifkin, Jamie Swift, and Madeline Bunting all argue, in different ways, that new work values are needed in modern society. Choose two of these writers and compare and contrast their arguments. Which is most convincing, in your opinion? Why?

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Question 18

In his book Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, Douglas Coupland suggested that corporate and government downsizing, and the shift to nonstandard employment, had changed the work orientations of contemporary youth. Which of the following best describes young people as Coupland wrote about them?

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Question 19

In recent decades, employers have frequently expressed concerns about the inadequate skills young people bring to the labour market, and have recommended that schools spend more time teaching "employability skills." Based on recent research, which of the following do employers typically focus on when hiring young people for entry-level jobs?

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 26

Which of the following aspects of Karl Marx's writings about capitalism did he share with Renaissance philosophies about what it means to be human?

In his analysis of the class structure of Britain in the 1950s, David Lockwood described three different types of workers. Identify and define these three types and note which were becoming more common, according to Lockwood.

In recent decades, some politicians have expressed concerns about a declining work ethic among the poorest members of society. Recent research typically leads to which of the following conclusions?

Martin Luther, a 16th-century Protestant leader, used the concept of a "calling" to describe which of the following beliefs?

The Japanese economy began to change rapidly in the 1990s. Which of the following occurred during this time?

Which of the following best defines the concept "underclass"?

Briefly outline the core argument in Max Weber's book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

Recent research on the work commitment of Canadian youth leads to which of the following conclusions?

An historical examination of the meaning of work leads us to which of the following conclusions?

Which of the following arguments is made by Jeremy Rifkin in his book The End of Work?

Which of the following conclusions best reflects recent Canadian research on the work orientations of adult women and men?

Andre Gorz, Jeremy Rifkin, Jamie Swift, and Madeline Bunting all argue, in different ways, that new work values are needed in modern society. Choose two of these writers and compare and contrast their arguments. Which is most convincing, in your opinion? Why?

Historical Perspectives on Work 1700-1950s

Contemporary Debates on Work 1950s to Present Day

Canadian Employment Trends

Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs

Labour Markets: Opportunities and Inequality

Gender and Paid Employment

Household, Family, and Caring Work

Organizing and Managing Work

In Search of New Managerial Paradigms

Conflict and Control in the Workplace

Unions and Industrial Relations

Alternative Approaches to Economic Organization

Job Satisfaction, Alienation, and Work-Related Stress

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