Exam 5: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

_____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement?

Which of the following is a concern when selecting subjects for an experiment?

Which of the following is true concerning independent and dependent variables in classical experiments?

Shortening the time between pretest and posttest or perhaps even offering cash payments to participants in an experiment are techniques that may be used to ________________.

Give two (2)specific examples of research where a quasi-experimental design would be more appropriate than a classical experiment.Why would each of your examples not fit the classical experiment model?

In the classical experiment subjects are measured on the independent variable before the experiment begins and again after the dependent variable has been manipulated by the researcher.

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Crime hot spots are areas where crime reports, calls for police service, or other measures of crime are especially common.Police in departments with a good analytic capability routinely identify hot spots and launch special tactics to reduce crime in these areas.What kinds of validity threats should researchers be especially attentive to in studying the effects of police interventions on hot spots?

Random assignment to experimental and control groups should reduce the threats to _____.

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

The main reason that experiments in criminal justice are so easy to complete is that the researcher need only secure one experimental and one control group for any project.

Which of the following is most accurate?

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible, the researcher may be forced to use a(n)_____________________ design.

External validity in an experimental design refers to _____.

Experiments are often conducted in public health research where a distinction is made between an efficacy experiment and an effectiveness experiment.Efficacy experiments focus on whether a new health program works under ideal conditions;effectiveness experiments test the program under typical conditions that health professionals encounter in their day-to-day work.Discuss how efficacy experiments and effectiveness experiments reflect concerns about internal validity threats on the one hand and generalizability on the other.

Experimental mortality is also known as ________.

When using a nonequivalent-groups design, the researcher will handle subject assignment to groups by _________________.

Explain why experimentation is not well suited for the purposes of description and exploration.

Which of the following is not considered a threat to internal validity in an experimental design?