Question 1

Construct validity refers to generalizing from what we observe and measure to the real-world things in which we are interested.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is least accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Experimentation is appropriate for hypothesis testing. 
B) Experiments are well suited to research involving well-defined concepts. 
C) Experiments cannot be used in the study of criminal justice policy because they require a hypothesis to test. 
D) Experiments are appropriate for evaluation research. 
A) Experimentation is appropriate for hypothesis testing. 
B) Experiments are well suited to research involving well-defined concepts. 
C) Experiments cannot be used in the study of criminal justice policy because they require a hypothesis to test. 
D) Experiments are appropriate for evaluation research.

Question 3

Which of the following is an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A) subjects dropping out of an experiment 
B) selecting a random sample 
C) both a & b are threats to internal validity 
D) none of the above 
A) subjects dropping out of an experiment 
B) selecting a random sample 
C) both a & b are threats to internal validity 
D) none of the above

Question 4

Which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Threats to internal validity are increased by carefully controlling conditions. 
B) Threats to internal validity are decreased by carefully controlling conditions. 
C) Threats to generalizability of research findings in experiments are unrelated to internal validity 
D) Threats to the sample to which the results will apply 
A) Threats to internal validity are increased by carefully controlling conditions. 
B) Threats to internal validity are decreased by carefully controlling conditions. 
C) Threats to generalizability of research findings in experiments are unrelated to internal validity 
D) Threats to the sample to which the results will apply

Question 5

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following would not be an example of experimental mortality?

Accepted Answer

A) A subject deciding that he/she does not want to participate any longer. 
B) Inmates in an experiment at the state maximum security prison being moved to a minimum state prison. 
C) Police officers participating in a quasi-experiment designed to measure job satisfaction changing careers. 
D) Experimental subjects who stay in an experiment until it is completed. 
A) A subject deciding that he/she does not want to participate any longer. 
B) Inmates in an experiment at the state maximum security prison being moved to a minimum state prison. 
C) Police officers participating in a quasi-experiment designed to measure job satisfaction changing careers. 
D) Experimental subjects who stay in an experiment until it is completed.

Question 7

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) some subjects are older than others 
B) as people grow and change, results can be impacted 
C) only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment 
D) no correlation between cause and effect variable 
A) some subjects are older than others 
B) as people grow and change, results can be impacted 
C) only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment 
D) no correlation between cause and effect variable

Question 8

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) variables 
B) time order 
C) concepts 
D) groups 
A) variables 
B) time order 
C) concepts 
D) groups

Question 9

When referring to whether results from experiments conducted in one setting would be obtained in other settings, our main concern is one of _______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When referring to whether results from experiments...

Question 10

Explain the classical experiment in terms of the following:
Independent and dependent variables
Pre-testing and Post-testing
Experimental and Control groups

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the classical experiment in terms of...

Question 11

An example of variable-oriented research is the _________________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of variable-oriented research is the...

Question 12

Instead of making one pre-test and one post-test measure, the _______________ makes a longer series of observations before and after introducing an experimental treatment.

Accepted Answer

interrupte

Question 13

_______________ are two dimensions of generalizability.

Accepted Answer

A) Construct validity and external validity 
B) Compensatory rivalry and external validity 
C) Construct validity and compensatory rivalry 
D) Internal validity and diffusion 
A) Construct validity and external validity 
B) Compensatory rivalry and external validity 
C) Construct validity and compensatory rivalry 
D) Internal validity and diffusion

Question 14

You have just completed the LSAT and scored 112.Your roommate, who is no smarter than you, took the LSAT with you and scored 165.You were so upset with your score that you decided to take the test again and you convinced your roommate to take it with you for moral support.You both received scores on the second exam of 150.What accounted for the differences in scores?

Accepted Answer

A) statistical regression 
B) testing 
C) instrumentation 
D) experiment mortality 
A) statistical regression 
B) testing 
C) instrumentation 
D) experiment mortality

Question 15

Neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group.Which design does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A) cross-sectional 
B) double-blind 
C) a blind experiment 
D) of no value 
A) cross-sectional 
B) double-blind 
C) a blind experiment 
D) of no value

Question 16

Which example below is not a random assignment to experimental groups?

Accepted Answer

A) Assigning numbers to subjects, put corresponding numbers in a hat and pull out numbers placing the first subject in the experimental group and the second subject in the control group and continue until all numbers are used. 
B) Ask subjects whether they prefer to be in the experimental group or the control group, then assign subjects based on their preference. 
C) Flip a coin assigning subjects to the control group and to the experimental group. 
D) Use a random number generator after assigning numbers to your subjects. 
A) Assigning numbers to subjects, put corresponding numbers in a hat and pull out numbers placing the first subject in the experimental group and the second subject in the control group and continue until all numbers are used. 
B) Ask subjects whether they prefer to be in the experimental group or the control group, then assign subjects based on their preference. 
C) Flip a coin assigning subjects to the control group and to the experimental group. 
D) Use a random number generator after assigning numbers to your subjects.

Question 17

Describe an experimental design to test the causal hypothesis that D.A.R.E.reduces drug use.Is your experimental design feasible? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

To test the causal hypothesis that D.A.R

Question 18

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Accepted Answer

A) applied research 
B) exploratory research 
C) descriptive research 
D) double-blind research 
A) applied research 
B) exploratory research 
C) descriptive research 
D) double-blind research

Question 19

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Creaming, or skimming the best risks off the top to be incorporated in an experiment, is a threat to _________________ validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Creaming, or skimming the best risks off...

Construct validity refers to generalizing from what we observe and measure to the real-world things in which we are interested.

Which of the following is least accurate?

Which of the following is an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

Which of the following statements is accurate?

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

Which of the following would not be an example of experimental mortality?

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to _____.

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

When referring to whether results from experiments conducted in one setting would be obtained in other settings, our main concern is one of _______________________.

Explain the classical experiment in terms of the following: Independent and dependent variables Pre-testing and Post-testing Experimental and Control groups

An example of variable-oriented research is the _________________ design.

Instead of making one pre-test and one post-test measure, the _______________ makes a longer series of observations before and after introducing an experimental treatment.

_______________ are two dimensions of generalizability.

Neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group.Which design does this describe?

Which example below is not a random assignment to experimental groups?

Describe an experimental design to test the causal hypothesis that D.A.R.E.reduces drug use.Is your experimental design feasible? Why or why not?

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

Creaming, or skimming the best risks off the top to be incorporated in an experiment, is a threat to _________________ validity.

Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues in Research Design

Concepts, Operationalization, and Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research and Other Ways of Asking Questions

Field Research

Agency Records, Content Analysis, and Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting Data

Filters

Exam 5: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Construct validity refers to generalizing from what we observe and measure to the real-world things in which we are interested.

Which of the following is least accurate?

Which of the following is an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

Which of the following statements is accurate?

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

Which of the following would not be an example of experimental mortality?

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to _____.

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

When referring to whether results from experiments conducted in one setting would be obtained in other settings, our main concern is one of _______________________.

Explain the classical experiment in terms of the following: Independent and dependent variables Pre-testing and Post-testing Experimental and Control groups

An example of variable-oriented research is the _________________ design.

Instead of making one pre-test and one post-test measure, the _______________ makes a longer series of observations before and after introducing an experimental treatment.

_______________ are two dimensions of generalizability.

Neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group.Which design does this describe?

Which example below is not a random assignment to experimental groups?

Describe an experimental design to test the causal hypothesis that D.A.R.E.reduces drug use.Is your experimental design feasible? Why or why not?

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

Creaming, or skimming the best risks off the top to be incorporated in an experiment, is a threat to _________________ validity.

Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues in Research Design

Concepts, Operationalization, and Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research and Other Ways of Asking Questions

Field Research

Agency Records, Content Analysis, and Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting Data

Filters