Exam 10: The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

For the following questions, choose the appropriate letter from the answer code below to make the statement true. a.increases b.inhibits or decreases c.has no effect on -Decreased O₂, increased CO₂, increased acid, and increased K⁺ concentrations in a skeletal muscle ____ the radius of the arterioles supplying this skeletal muscle.

As metabolic activity of an organ or tissue increases, blood flow to that organ increases.This phenomenon is known as

Regulation of arterial pressure can be mediated by a reflex mechanism utilizing a pressure receptor called a ______, located in the ____.

For the following questions, choose the appropriate letter from the answer code below to make the statement true. a.increases b.inhibits or decreases c.has no effect on -Increased sympathetic nerve activity ____ the strength of cardiac ventricular contraction, ____ the stroke volume, and ____ the heart rate.

Vasopressin and nitric oxide increase the diameter of arterioles.

Edema could result from

Indicate whether the following would a.increase BP b.decrease BP c.increase heart rate only d.have no effect on BP or heart rate ________Incredsed vasometar center actinty _________Barareceptors inhibited __________Chemoreceptors activated ________Stress _________Increased relea5e of aldosterane ________Increased release of vasopressin ________Release of renin _________Increased water reabsorption _________Epinephrine release ___________Venous vasodilation

Indicate what effect the changes in question would have on blood flow using the following answer code: a.increases blood flow b.decreases blood flow c.no effect on blood flow -Increasing the length of a vessel

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -Number ____ identifies the linear velocity of flow in mm/sec, while number ____ identifies the blood flow rate in liters/min. a.1, 2 b.2, 1 c.3, 1 d.4, 1 e.2, 4

A capillary has a greater overall cross-sectional area than an arteriole.

Short-term adjustments in blood pressure are mediated by

Arteriolar smooth muscle normally displays a state of partial constriction known as vascular _____________.

When blood pressure falls below normal, indicate what happens to each of the following factors to restore the blood pressure back toward normal. I.When blood pressure falls below normal, the rate of firing in the afferent nerves originating from the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors a.increases b.decreases c.does not change II.As a result of I, the medullary cardiovascular center responds by _________ the rate of firing in the sympathetic cardiac nerve. a.increasing b.decreasing c.not changing III.Also as a result of I, the cardiovascular center __________ the rate of firing in the parasympathetic nerve supply to the heart. a.increases b.decreases c.does not alter IV.Also as a result of I, the rate of firing in the sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve is ________ by the cardiovascular center. a.increased b.decreased c.not altered V.As a result of II and III, the rate of firing of the SA node a.increases b.decreases c.remains unchanged VI.As a result of V, the heart rate a.increases b.decreases c.remains unchanged VII.As a result of IV, a.arteriolar vasoconstriction occurs b.arteriolar vasodilation occurs c.there is no change in arteriolar radius VIII.As a result of VII, total peripheral resistance a.increases b.decreases c.remains unchanged IX.Also as a result of IV, a.venous vasoconstriction occurs b.venous vasodilation occurs c.there is no change in vein radii X.As a result of IX, venous return a.increases b.decreases c.remains unchanged XI.As a result of X, end-diastolic volume a.increases. b.decreases c.remains unchanged XII.As a result of II and XI, stroke volume a.increases b.decreases c.remains unchanged XIII.As a result of VI and XII, cardiac output a.increases b.decreases c.remains unchanged XIV.As a result of VIII and XIII, blood pressure a.increases to normal b.decreases to normal c.remains unchanged

Given the following forces acting at a given point across the capillary wall, _______ will occur with a net ______ pressure of ____ mm Hg. - capillary blood pressure = 32 mm Hg - blood osmotic pressure = 23 mm Hg - interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure = 1 mm Hg - interstitial fluid osmotic pressure = 0 mm Hg

____________________ are structures in veins that prevent the blood from flowing backwards.

At rest, which of the following receives the most blood flow?

Indicate what effect the change in question would have on bulk flow using the answer code below: a.increases ultrafiltration and decreases reabsorption b.decreases ultrafiltration and increases reabsorption c.increases both ultrafiltration and reabsorption d.decreases both ultrafiltration and reabsorption e.would not alter ultrafiltration and reabsorption -Loss of plasma volume due to hemorrhage

Indicate whether arteriolar vasoconstriction or vasodilation would occur in the tissue in question by using the following answer code: a.produces vasoconstriction b.produces vasodilation c.no change in arteriolar caliber -Decreased O₂ in skeletal muscle

Fluid movement into and out of the capillary is dependent on the blood's ____ and ____ working in ____ direction(s).

Match the term with the correct characteristic. a.reactive hyperemia b.active hyperemia c.pressure autoregulation d.extrinsic control -Important in maintaining an adequate pressure head to drive blood forward to the tissues