Question 1

Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A) is released when hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated 
B) promotes water secretion in the kidneys 
C) causes increased systemic vasoconstriction 
D) has a and c characteristics 
E) has all of the above characteristics 
A) is released when hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated 
B) promotes water secretion in the kidneys 
C) causes increased systemic vasoconstriction 
D) has a and c characteristics 
E) has all of the above characteristics D

Question 2

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO3-] levels in each of the following situations by placing the appropriate letter in the blank preceding the acid-base abnormality.
a.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal
b.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal
c.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] normal
d.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [ HCO3-] normal
e.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal
f.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal
g.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal
h.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal
i.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] normal
-Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Chemical buffer systems

Accepted Answer

A) can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in [H+] 
B) are the only mechanism available for regulating changes in [H+] within the body 
C) actually remove acid from the body 
D) have characteristics a and c 
E) have none of the above characteristics 
A) can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in [H+] 
B) are the only mechanism available for regulating changes in [H+] within the body 
C) actually remove acid from the body 
D) have characteristics a and c 
E) have none of the above characteristics A

Question 4

Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When there is excess Na⁺ in the body,

Accepted Answer

A) the plasma volume increases, and arterial blood pressure increases 
B) the GFR increases 
C) aldosterone secretion increases to increase the amount of Na+ reabsorbed 
D) both a and b occur 
E) all of the above occur 
A) the plasma volume increases, and arterial blood pressure increases 
B) the GFR increases 
C) aldosterone secretion increases to increase the amount of Na+ reabsorbed 
D) both a and b occur 
E) all of the above occur

Question 6

Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in the blood ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in the...

Question 7

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed:
a.No change
b.Increases
c.Decreases
-Vasopressin secretion

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who has diarrhea loses excessive...

Question 8

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions.
-In this figure ____________________ is labeled number ____ and is being reabsorbed, while ____________________ labeled number ____ is being secreted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Use this figure to answer...

Question 9

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis,

Accepted Answer

A) breathing becomes shallower 
B) breathing becomes slower 
C) CO₂ levels in the body decrease 
D) both a and b occur 
E) both b and c occur 
A) breathing becomes shallower 
B) breathing becomes slower 
C) CO₂ levels in the body decrease 
D) both a and b occur 
E) both b and c occur

Question 10

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed:
a.No change
b.Increases
c.Decreases
-Amount of Na⁺ excreted

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who has diarrhea loses excessive...

Question 11

The ECF around a human cell that is shrinking due to a loss of water is

Accepted Answer

A) hypotonic 
B) hypertonic 
C) more dilute than the cytoplasm 
D) both a and c 
E) likely losing free water 
A) hypotonic 
B) hypertonic 
C) more dilute than the cytoplasm 
D) both a and c 
E) likely losing free water

Question 12

The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The barrier between the ECF and ICF...

Question 13

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, lowering pH back to normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The pH of a solution with a H⁺ concentration of 0.0000567 is

Accepted Answer

A) between 4 and 5 
B) between 5 and 6 
C) between 6 and 7 
D) between 7 and 8 
E) none of the above 
A) between 4 and 5 
B) between 5 and 6 
C) between 6 and 7 
D) between 7 and 8 
E) none of the above

Question 15

If an individual becomes dehydrated,

Accepted Answer

A) increased reabsorption of water occurs in the kidneys 
B) urinary output increases 
C) vasopressin secretion decreases 
D) the ECF osmolarity becomes hypotonic 
E) all of the above occur 
A) increased reabsorption of water occurs in the kidneys 
B) urinary output increases 
C) vasopressin secretion decreases 
D) the ECF osmolarity becomes hypotonic 
E) all of the above occur

Question 16

If [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] is 20/2, what is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis. 
C) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
E) normal pH of body fluids 
A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis. 
C) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
E) normal pH of body fluids

Question 17

When the ECF becomes hypertonic, water

Accepted Answer

A) movement is unaffected 
B) moves into the cells by active transport 
C) moves into the cells by osmosis 
D) moves out of the cells by active transport 
E) moves out of the cells by osmosis 
A) movement is unaffected 
B) moves into the cells by active transport 
C) moves into the cells by osmosis 
D) moves out of the cells by active transport 
E) moves out of the cells by osmosis

Question 18

Acidosis leads to the ____________________ (increased or decreased) secretion of H⁺ in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Acidosis leads to the ____________________ (increased or...

Question 19

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory rate and depth increase as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B) The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis. 
C) The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the second line of defense against changes in pH of the body fluids. 
D) Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) respiration. 
E) The respiratory system responds to changes in [H+] within one to three minutes. 
A) Respiratory rate and depth increase as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B) The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis. 
C) The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the second line of defense against changes in pH of the body fluids. 
D) Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) respiration. 
E) The respiratory system responds to changes in [H+] within one to three minutes.

Question 20

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
a.Respiratory acidosis
b.Respiratory alkalosis
c.Metabolic acidosis
d.Metabolic alkalosis
-Lung congestion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might...

Vasopressin

Chemical buffer systems

Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

When there is excess Na⁺ in the body,

Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in the blood ____________________.

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -In this figure ____ is labeled number and is being reabsorbed, while labeled number is being secreted.

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis,

The ECF around a human cell that is shrinking due to a loss of water is

The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, lowering pH back to normal.

The pH of a solution with a H⁺ concentration of 0.0000567 is

If an individual becomes dehydrated,

If [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] is 20/2, what is occurring?

When the ECF becomes hypertonic, water

Acidosis leads to the ____________________ (increased or decreased) secretion of H⁺ in the kidneys.

Which statement is incorrect?

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Lung congestion

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Vasopressin

Chemical buffer systems

Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

When there is excess Na⁺ in the body,

Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in the blood ____________________.

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -In this figure ____________________ is labeled number ____ and is being reabsorbed, while ____________________ labeled number ____ is being secreted.

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis,

The ECF around a human cell that is shrinking due to a loss of water is

The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, lowering pH back to normal.

The pH of a solution with a H⁺ concentration of 0.0000567 is

If an individual becomes dehydrated,

If [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] is 20/2, what is occurring?

When the ECF becomes hypertonic, water

Acidosis leads to the ____________________ (increased or decreased) secretion of H⁺ in the kidneys.

Which statement is incorrect?

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Lung congestion

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -In this figure ____ is labeled number and is being reabsorbed, while labeled number is being secreted.