Exam 24: The Urinary System

Eleven-year-old Harry is complaining of a severe sore throat and gets to stay home from school. His pediatrician prescribes a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and Harry feels much better within a few days. However, some two weeks later, Harry has a dull, bilateral pain in his lower back and his urine is a smoky brown color. On the basis of Harry's signs and symptoms, diagnose his condition and indicate the relationship (if any) between his present condition and his earlier sore throat.

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Question 1

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Harry is showing the symptoms of kidney inflammation. Kidney inflammations usually result from infections either of the lower urinary tract or, in Harry's case, from his earlier infection of a sore throat. Streptococcal infection of the throat can induce anti-streptococcal antibodies that bind to them, depositing immune complexes in the glomerular membranes. The kidney inflammation that primarily involves glomeruli is called glomerulonephritis, and if severe enough can cause permanent renal failure. In post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the smoky brown color of urine most commonly represents the leakage of blood cells through the damaged glomerular membrane.

Match the following: A) Glomerular capillaries B) Peritubular capillaries C) Efferent arterioles D) Vasa recta E) Afferent arterioles -Play a role in urine concentration.

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Question 2

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The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.

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Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

(True/False)

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Question 4

Which of the following is not True regarding tubular reabsorption?

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Question 5

Figure 24.2 Using Figure 24.2, match the following: -Collecting duct cells.

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Question 6

The function of angiotensin II is to ________.

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Question 7

Figure 24.1 Using Figure 24.1, match the following: -Afferent arteriole.

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Question 8

Explain the role of aldosterone in sodium and water balance.

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Question 9

List and describe three pressures operating at the filtration membrane, and explain how each influences net filtration pressure.

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Question 10

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular complex?

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Question 11

Figure 24.1 Using Figure 24.1, match the following: -Glomerulus.

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Question 12

Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.

(True/False)

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Question 13

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 14

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.

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Question 16

Freshly voided urine has very little smell, but shortly after voiding it can give off a very strong smell. Why?

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Question 17

Figure 24.2 Using Figure 24.2, match the following: -Proximal convoluted tubule cells.

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Question 18

Which of the following is the least important influence on reabsorption of a substance in the nephron?

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Question 19

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.

(True/False)

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Question 20

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Exam 24: The Urinary System

Match the following: A) Glomerular capillaries B) Peritubular capillaries C) Efferent arterioles D) Vasa recta E) Afferent arterioles -Play a role in urine concentration.

The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

Which of the following is not True regarding tubular reabsorption?

Figure 24.2 Using Figure 24.2, match the following: -Collecting duct cells.

The function of angiotensin II is to ________.

Figure 24.1 Using Figure 24.1, match the following: -Afferent arteriole.

Explain the role of aldosterone in sodium and water balance.

List and describe three pressures operating at the filtration membrane, and explain how each influences net filtration pressure.

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular complex?

Figure 24.1 Using Figure 24.1, match the following: -Glomerulus.

Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________.

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.

Freshly voided urine has very little smell, but shortly after voiding it can give off a very strong smell. Why?

Figure 24.2 Using Figure 24.2, match the following: -Proximal convoluted tubule cells.

Which of the following is the least important influence on reabsorption of a substance in the nephron?

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

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Tissue: the Living Fabric

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The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

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Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

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