Question 1

List three substances that are abnormal urinary constituents and provide the proper clinical term for such abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Abnormal urinary constituents include th

Question 2

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thin segment is freely permeable to water 
B)  thick segment is permeable to water 
C)  thin segment is not permeable to sodium and chloride 
D)  thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption 
A)  thin segment is freely permeable to water 
B)  thick segment is permeable to water 
C)  thin segment is not permeable to sodium and chloride 
D)  thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption

Question 3

Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  disposing of substances not already in the filtrate, such as certain drugs 
B)  eliminating undesirable substances such as urea and uric acid that have been reabsorbed by passive processes 
C)  ridding the body of bicarbonate ions 
D)  ridding the body of excessive potassium ions 
A)  disposing of substances not already in the filtrate, such as certain drugs 
B)  eliminating undesirable substances such as urea and uric acid that have been reabsorbed by passive processes 
C)  ridding the body of bicarbonate ions 
D)  ridding the body of excessive potassium ions

Question 4

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. 
B)  The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron. 
D)  Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name. 
A)  The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. 
B)  The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron. 
D)  Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name.

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match the following:
A) Glomerular capillaries
B) Peritubular capillaries
C) Efferent arterioles
D) Vasa recta
E) Afferent arterioles
-Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following:
A) Glomerular capillaries
B) Peritubular capillaries
C)...

Question 8

What are aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins are transmembrane p

Question 9

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron 
B)  nephron loop 
C)  glomerular capsule 
D)  capsular space 
A)  nephron 
B)  nephron loop 
C)  glomerular capsule 
D)  capsular space

Question 10

Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match the following:
-Collecting duct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match...

Question 11

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  when the peritubular capillaries are dilated 
B)  when the pH of the urine decreases 
C)  by a decrease in the blood pressure 
D)  when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10 
A)  when the peritubular capillaries are dilated 
B)  when the pH of the urine decreases 
C)  by a decrease in the blood pressure 
D)  when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10

Question 12

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin II and ADH 
B)  angiotensin II and aldosterone 
C)  angiotensin I and epinephrine 
D)  angiotensin I and atrial natriuretic peptide 
A)  angiotensin II and ADH 
B)  angiotensin II and aldosterone 
C)  angiotensin I and epinephrine 
D)  angiotensin I and atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 13

Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)?

Accepted Answer

A)  the stretching of the bladder wall 
B)  motor neurons 
C)  the pressure of the fluid in the bladder 
D)  the sympathetic efferents 
A)  the stretching of the bladder wall 
B)  motor neurons 
C)  the pressure of the fluid in the bladder 
D)  the sympathetic efferents

Question 15

Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match the following:
-Peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match...

Question 17

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A)  transitional 
B)  simple squamous 
C)  stratified squamous 
D)  pseudostratified columnar 
A)  transitional 
B)  simple squamous 
C)  stratified squamous 
D)  pseudostratified columnar

Question 18

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in the production of ADH 
B)  increase in the production of ADH 
C)  increase in the production of aldosterone 
D)  decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma 
A)  decrease in the production of ADH 
B)  increase in the production of ADH 
C)  increase in the production of aldosterone 
D)  decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma

Question 19

Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular cells 
B)  mesangial cells 
C)  macula densa cells 
D)  podocytes 
A)  juxtaglomerular cells 
B)  mesangial cells 
C)  macula densa cells 
D)  podocytes

Question 20

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys 
B)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of excretion by the kidneys 
C)  help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys 
D)  help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys 
A)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys 
B)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of excretion by the kidneys 
C)  help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys 
D)  help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys

Exam 24: The Urinary System

List three substances that are abnormal urinary constituents and provide the proper clinical term for such abnormalities.

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the ________.

Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion?

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.

Match the following: A) Glomerular capillaries B) Peritubular capillaries C) Efferent arterioles D) Vasa recta E) Afferent arterioles -Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells.

What are aquaporins?

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

Figure 24.1 Using Figure 24.1, match the following: -Collecting duct.

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?

Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop.

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)?

Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.

Figure 24.1 Using Figure 24.1, match the following: -Peritubular capillaries.

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________.

Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

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Chemistry Comes Alive

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Tissue: the Living Fabric

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