Exam 24: The Urinary System

Figure 24.1 Using Figure 24.1, match the following: -Medulla of the kidney.

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

A 58-year-old woman complains of loss of urine when coughing and sneezing, and during exercise. She has had three children. Describe the possible causes of urinary incontinence in this patient.

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.

The renal corpuscle is made up of ________.

Figure 24.2 Using Figure 24.2, match the following: -Podocyte.

Humans can survive for a period of time without water thanks to the ability of the kidneys to produce concentrated urine. Briefly explain the factors that allow this to happen.

Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called ________ water reabsorption.

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1) major calyx 2) minor calyx 3) nephron 4) urethra 5) ureter 6) collecting duct

Excretion of dilute urine requires ________.

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

Match the following: A) Glomerular capillaries B) Peritubular capillaries C) Efferent arterioles D) Vasa recta E) Afferent arterioles -May form meandering vessels or bundles of long straight vessels.

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

Ellen, a 47-year-old woman who has suffered kidney disease for several years, has been diagnosed with proteinuria. Her legs and feet are so swollen that she has difficulty walking. Her hands and her left arm are also swollen. What is proteinuria, and could this condition be playing a role in her swollen limbs?

The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.

The presence of pus in the urine is a condition called ________.

Figure 24.2 Using Figure 24.2, match the following: -Cells that are most affected by ADH.

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.