Question 1

Compared with coarse-grained igneous rocks, fine-grained igneous rocks __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) cool and solidify more quickly 
B) cool and solidify more slowly 
C) solidify at higher temperatures 
D) solidify at lower temperatures 
A) cool and solidify more quickly 
B) cool and solidify more slowly 
C) solidify at higher temperatures 
D) solidify at lower temperatures

Question 2

What are the ways in which geoscientists can monitor volcanoes? Is it possible for scientists to predict eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Scientists cannot predict eruptions in t

Question 3

Bubbles trapped in lava after the molten material are cooled are called __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) phenocrysts 
B) vesicles 
C) porphyroblasts 
D) pyroclasts 
A) phenocrysts 
B) vesicles 
C) porphyroblasts 
D) pyroclasts

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered a type of pyroclastic debris?

Accepted Answer

A) lapilli 
B) blocks 
C) ash 
D) pahoehoe 
A) lapilli 
B) blocks 
C) ash 
D) pahoehoe

Question 5

Describe the difference between the relative viscosity of felsic versus mafic magma and how this affects the rate of flow of each type.

Accepted Answer

Felsic magma has a high viscosity, where

Question 6

Large igneous provinces involve more than just the formation of large volumes of igneous rock. Which of the following global events has NOT been attributed to large igneous provinces?

Accepted Answer

A) sea-level rise 
B) climate change 
C) extinction 
D) large outcrops of granite 
A) sea-level rise 
B) climate change 
C) extinction 
D) large outcrops of granite

Question 7

Compared with mafic igneous rocks, all felsic igneous rocks __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) cool and solidify more quickly 
B) cool and solidify more slowly 
C) solidify at higher temperatures 
D) solidify at lower temperatures 
A) cool and solidify more quickly 
B) cool and solidify more slowly 
C) solidify at higher temperatures 
D) solidify at lower temperatures

Question 8

In the figure provided below, what type of igneous intrusion is the horizontal rock unit indicated by the arrow?

Accepted Answer

A) dike 
B) sill 
C) pluton 
D) laccolith 
A) dike 
B) sill 
C) pluton 
D) laccolith

Question 9

Felsic igneous rocks typically __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) contain more iron and magnesium than intermediate rocks 
B) are lighter in color than mafic rocks 
C) are darker in color than mafic rocks 
D) are found in oceanic crust 
A) contain more iron and magnesium than intermediate rocks 
B) are lighter in color than mafic rocks 
C) are darker in color than mafic rocks 
D) are found in oceanic crust

Question 10

In general, if a body of igneous (source) rock is subjected to partial melting, the magma that is produced is expected to be __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) identical in chemical composition to the source rock 
B) more mafic than the source rock 
C) more felsic than the source rock 
D) The melt composition is not predictable. 
A) identical in chemical composition to the source rock 
B) more mafic than the source rock 
C) more felsic than the source rock 
D) The melt composition is not predictable.

Question 11

Volcanoes that are not currently erupting but have erupted in the last 10,000 years and are likely to erupt again are termed __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) dormant 
B) active 
C) extinct 
D) suspended 
A) dormant 
B) active 
C) extinct 
D) suspended

Question 12

Why is the outer core the only layer in Earth that is molten?

Accepted Answer

A) The pressure decreases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt. 
B) The pressure increases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt. 
C) The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt iron. 
D) The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt olivine. 
A) The pressure decreases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt. 
B) The pressure increases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt. 
C) The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt iron. 
D) The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt olivine.

Question 13

What are the three main types of volcanoes? How is the shape of a volcano related to its eruptive style?

Accepted Answer

Shield volcanoes are broad, gentle domes

Question 14

The composition of magma will _________ when it erupts and turns into lava.

Accepted Answer

A) remain the same 
B) become more felsic 
C) become more mafic 
D) have more silica 
A) remain the same 
B) become more felsic 
C) become more mafic 
D) have more silica

Question 15

The extremely high __________ within Earth prevents rock from melting.

Accepted Answer

A) temperature 
B) pressure 
C) silica content 
D) water content 
A) temperature 
B) pressure 
C) silica content 
D) water content

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of obsidian?

Accepted Answer

A) It is composed of volcanic glass. 
B) It exhibits conchoidal fracture. 
C) It is typically felsic in composition. 
D) It cooled very slowly. 
A) It is composed of volcanic glass. 
B) It exhibits conchoidal fracture. 
C) It is typically felsic in composition. 
D) It cooled very slowly.

Question 17

Which of the following processes is unlikely to result in magma formation within the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) decompression (a drop in pressure) 
B) addition of volatiles 
C) transfer of heat from adjacent magma or very hot rocks 
D) loss of volatiles to the atmosphere 
A) decompression (a drop in pressure) 
B) addition of volatiles 
C) transfer of heat from adjacent magma or very hot rocks 
D) loss of volatiles to the atmosphere

Question 18

If a body of magma undergoes fractional crystallization, the first rock that crystallizes from the magma will be __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) identical in chemical composition to the magma 
B) more mafic than the magma 
C) more felsic than the magma 
D) The composition of the rock is not predictable. 
A) identical in chemical composition to the magma 
B) more mafic than the magma 
C) more felsic than the magma 
D) The composition of the rock is not predictable.

Question 19

The analogy in which hot fudge is injected into ice cream, thereby causing the ice cream to melt, is associated with which cause of melting?

Accepted Answer

A) melting due to a decrease in pressure 
B) melting due to an addition of volatiles 
C) melting due to heat transfer from rising magma 
D) melting due to an increase in pressure 
A) melting due to a decrease in pressure 
B) melting due to an addition of volatiles 
C) melting due to heat transfer from rising magma 
D) melting due to an increase in pressure

Question 20

List the four major magma compositions in order of silica content.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the four major magma compositions in...

Exam 4: Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Compared with coarse-grained igneous rocks, fine-grained igneous rocks __________ .

What are the ways in which geoscientists can monitor volcanoes? Is it possible for scientists to predict eruptions?

Bubbles trapped in lava after the molten material are cooled are called __________ .

Which of the following is not considered a type of pyroclastic debris?

Describe the difference between the relative viscosity of felsic versus mafic magma and how this affects the rate of flow of each type.

Large igneous provinces involve more than just the formation of large volumes of igneous rock. Which of the following global events has NOT been attributed to large igneous provinces?

Compared with mafic igneous rocks, all felsic igneous rocks __________ .

In the figure provided below, what type of igneous intrusion is the horizontal rock unit indicated by the arrow?

Felsic igneous rocks typically __________ .

In general, if a body of igneous (source) rock is subjected to partial melting, the magma that is produced is expected to be __________ .

Volcanoes that are not currently erupting but have erupted in the last 10,000 years and are likely to erupt again are termed __________ .

Why is the outer core the only layer in Earth that is molten?

What are the three main types of volcanoes? How is the shape of a volcano related to its eruptive style?

The composition of magma will _________ when it erupts and turns into lava.

The extremely high __________ within Earth prevents rock from melting.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of obsidian?

Which of the following processes is unlikely to result in magma formation within the Earth?

If a body of magma undergoes fractional crystallization, the first rock that crystallizes from the magma will be __________ .

The analogy in which hot fudge is injected into ice cream, thereby causing the ice cream to melt, is associated with which cause of melting?

List the four major magma compositions in order of silica content.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

A Process of Change: Metamorphism and the Rock Cycle

Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Shaping the Earths Surface: Landscapes, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Mass Wasting

Freshwater: Streams, Lakes, and Groundwater

Extreme Realms: Desert and Glacial Landscapes

Ocean Waters: the Blue of the Blue Marble

Marine Geology: the Study of Ocean Basins and Coasts

The Air We Breathe: Introducing Earths Atmosphere

Winds of the World: the Earths Major Weather Systems

Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Local Weather Systems

Climate and Climate Change

Our Solar System and Beyond

Our Neighborhood in Space

The Sun, Stars, and Deep Space

Prelude: Welcome to Earth Science

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