Question 1

How is stress different from strain?

Accepted Answer

A) Strain is a measure of the offset on a fault as a result of applied stress. 
B) Stress is the change in shape of a rock as a result of applied strain. 
C) Strain is the change in shape of a rock as a result of applied stress. 
D) They are not different; stress and strain are synonymous. 
A) Strain is a measure of the offset on a fault as a result of applied stress. 
B) Stress is the change in shape of a rock as a result of applied strain. 
C) Strain is the change in shape of a rock as a result of applied stress. 
D) They are not different; stress and strain are synonymous.

Question 2

Normal faulting is most often associated with mountain building along ___________ boundaries, whereas reverse faulting is generally observed at ___________ boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent; transform 
B)  transform; convergent 
C) convergent; divergent 
D) divergent; convergent 
A)  divergent; transform 
B)  transform; convergent 
C) convergent; divergent 
D) divergent; convergent

Question 3

A fold shaped like an elongated arch is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) anticline. 
B) basin. 
C) dome. 
D) syncline 
A) anticline. 
B) basin. 
C) dome. 
D) syncline

Question 4

Mount Marshak towers above the landscape at 5.3 km tall. The rate of uplift at Mount Marshak is 1.3 mm/yr and the rate of erosion is 1.5 mm/yr. How tall will Mount Marshak be after a million years, assuming everything remains constant?

Accepted Answer

A) 5.5 km 
B) 7.3 km 
C) 5.1 km 
D) 3.3 km 
A) 5.5 km 
B) 7.3 km 
C) 5.1 km 
D) 3.3 km

Question 5

Mountain ranges formed along subduction zones are formed, in part, by ___________ in the crust.

Accepted Answer

A) compression 
B) stretching 
C) extension 
D) elongation 
A) compression 
B) stretching 
C) extension 
D) elongation

Question 6

Which type of situation would be more likely to produce folds?

Accepted Answer

A) cold, brittle crust under tension 
B) cold, brittle crust under compression 
C) warm, ductile crust under tension 
D) warm, ductile crust under compression 
A) cold, brittle crust under tension 
B) cold, brittle crust under compression 
C) warm, ductile crust under tension 
D) warm, ductile crust under compression

Question 7

Which of the following shows a thrust fault?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 8

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) orogeny. 
B) phylogeny. 
C) aureole. 
D) slickenside. 
A) orogeny. 
B) phylogeny. 
C) aureole. 
D) slickenside.

Question 9

The formation of joints in a rock in response to tension is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) brittle deformation. 
B) plastic deformation. 
C) shear strain. 
D) rotation. 
A) brittle deformation. 
B) plastic deformation. 
C) shear strain. 
D) rotation.

Question 10

Under which condition would a body of rock be most likely to exhibit brittle behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) slow rate of deformation 
B) low temperature 
C) high temperature 
D) high pressure 
A) slow rate of deformation 
B) low temperature 
C) high temperature 
D) high pressure

Question 11

What is the difference between a dip-slip fault and a strike slip fault? Provide examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Dip-slip faults involve vertical displac

Question 12

Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of _________ faults.

Accepted Answer

A) strike-slip 
B) dip-slip 
C) oblique-slip 
D) reverse 
A) strike-slip 
B) dip-slip 
C) oblique-slip 
D) reverse

Question 13

The fold in the image below is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) anticline. 
B) basin. 
C) dome. 
D) syncline 
A) anticline. 
B) basin. 
C) dome. 
D) syncline

Question 14

Which of the following occurs when rocks are pulled apart?

Accepted Answer

A) compression 
B) tension 
C) shear 
D) pressure 
A) compression 
B) tension 
C) shear 
D) pressure

Question 15

Which of the following is a change in the shape of a rock induced by stress?

Accepted Answer

A) Elastic rebound 
B) Pressure release 
C) Strain 
D) Metamorphosis 
A) Elastic rebound 
B) Pressure release 
C) Strain 
D) Metamorphosis

Question 16

On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a series of parallel lines, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a

Accepted Answer

A) horizontal anticline. 
B) plunging anticline. 
C) non-plunging syncline. 
D) plunging syncline. 
A) horizontal anticline. 
B) plunging anticline. 
C) non-plunging syncline. 
D) plunging syncline.

Question 17

What can be said about a mountain range that is being uplifted at 2 cm/yr but is not growing any taller?

Accepted Answer

A) The crustal root is thinning at the same rate as the uplift. 
B) The crustal root is thickening faster than the uplift. 
C) The rate of erosion is the same as the rate of uplift. 
D) The rate of erosion is higher than the rate of uplift. 
A) The crustal root is thinning at the same rate as the uplift. 
B) The crustal root is thickening faster than the uplift. 
C) The rate of erosion is the same as the rate of uplift. 
D) The rate of erosion is higher than the rate of uplift.

Question 18

Which of these properly illustrates the principle of isostasy?

Accepted Answer

A) High-density crust floats on top of low-density mantle. 
B) Mountains stand high because they are gravitationally balanced by their deep crustal roots. 
C) When weight is added to the crust, the crust responds by rebounding upward. 
D) When material is removed from the crust, the crust maintains the new, lower elevation. 
A) High-density crust floats on top of low-density mantle. 
B) Mountains stand high because they are gravitationally balanced by their deep crustal roots. 
C) When weight is added to the crust, the crust responds by rebounding upward. 
D) When material is removed from the crust, the crust maintains the new, lower elevation.

Question 19

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area

Accepted Answer

A) is under intense shear stress. 
B) has experienced compressional stress. 
C) is underlain by a thrust fault. 
D) is formed from rocks that were once at great depth. 
A) is under intense shear stress. 
B) has experienced compressional stress. 
C) is underlain by a thrust fault. 
D) is formed from rocks that were once at great depth.

Exam 7: Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

How is stress different from strain?

Normal faulting is most often associated with mountain building along ___________ boundaries, whereas reverse faulting is generally observed at ___________ boundaries.

A fold shaped like an elongated arch is a(n)

Mount Marshak towers above the landscape at 5.3 km tall. The rate of uplift at Mount Marshak is 1.3 mm/yr and the rate of erosion is 1.5 mm/yr. How tall will Mount Marshak be after a million years, assuming everything remains constant?

Mountain ranges formed along subduction zones are formed, in part, by ___________ in the crust.

Which type of situation would be more likely to produce folds?

Which of the following shows a thrust fault?

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n)

The formation of joints in a rock in response to tension is an example of

Under which condition would a body of rock be most likely to exhibit brittle behavior?

What is the difference between a dip-slip fault and a strike slip fault? Provide examples of each.

Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of _________ faults.

The fold in the image below is a(n)

Which of the following occurs when rocks are pulled apart?

Which of the following is a change in the shape of a rock induced by stress?

On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a series of parallel lines, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a

What can be said about a mountain range that is being uplifted at 2 cm/yr but is not growing any taller?

Which of these properly illustrates the principle of isostasy?

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

A Process of Change: Metamorphism and the Rock Cycle

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Shaping the Earths Surface: Landscapes, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Mass Wasting

Freshwater: Streams, Lakes, and Groundwater

Extreme Realms: Desert and Glacial Landscapes

Ocean Waters: the Blue of the Blue Marble

Marine Geology: the Study of Ocean Basins and Coasts

The Air We Breathe: Introducing Earths Atmosphere

Winds of the World: the Earths Major Weather Systems

Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Local Weather Systems

Climate and Climate Change

Our Solar System and Beyond

Our Neighborhood in Space

The Sun, Stars, and Deep Space

Prelude: Welcome to Earth Science

Filters

Normal faulting is most often associated with mountain building along _ boundaries, whereas reverse faulting is generally observed at _ boundaries.