Question 1

The most abundant igneous rock within oceanic crust is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gabbro 
B)  basalt 
C)  rhyolite 
D)  diorite 
A)  gabbro 
B)  basalt 
C)  rhyolite 
D)  diorite

Question 2

Waves ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner 
B)  refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline 
C)  reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline 
D)  are reflected off the shoreline, but never refract 
A)  refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner 
B)  refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline 
C)  reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline 
D)  are reflected off the shoreline, but never refract

Question 3

The form and topography (depth profile)of the ocean floor is termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orogeny 
B)  bathymetry 
C)  allocthony 
D)  aquitopography 
A)  orogeny 
B)  bathymetry 
C)  allocthony 
D)  aquitopography

Question 4

Why do you think most of the hurricane storm tracks on the figure below curve to the right?

Accepted Answer

A)  The advance portions of the huge hurricane air mass begins to encounter either the Rocky Mountains (and is deflected north) or the Appalachians (and is deflected northeastward). 
B)  Hurricanes are routed to the ocean currents/flow of the underlying North Atlantic Gyre. 
C)  The Coriolis effect deflects them to the right because this is in the northern hemisphere. 
D)  They don't really curve right; it looks that way only because of map distortion. 
A)  The advance portions of the huge hurricane air mass begins to encounter either the Rocky Mountains (and is deflected north) or the Appalachians (and is deflected northeastward). 
B)  Hurricanes are routed to the ocean currents/flow of the underlying North Atlantic Gyre. 
C)  The Coriolis effect deflects them to the right because this is in the northern hemisphere. 
D)  They don't really curve right; it looks that way only because of map distortion.

Question 5

The water temperature at the abyssal plain is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  warm (25-33°
C)  
B)  near room temperature (25°
C)  
C)  cold to your skin (10°C-15°
C)  
D)  near freezing (1°C-2°
C)  
A)  warm (25-33°
C)  
B)  near room temperature (25°
C)  
C)  cold to your skin (10°C-15°
C)  
D)  near freezing (1°C-2°
C)

Question 6

____________ make up a majority of the ocean floor worldwide.

Accepted Answer

A)  Abyssal plains 
B)  Continental rises 
C)  Continental shelves 
D)  Continental slopes 
A)  Abyssal plains 
B)  Continental rises 
C)  Continental shelves 
D)  Continental slopes

Question 7

If you position a drill ship over a guyot,what would you expect to drill into?

Accepted Answer

A)  limestone and then pillow basalts 
B)  limestone and then rhyolite 
C)  limestone or other sedimentary rock, then gabbror 
D)  limestone or other sedimentary rock, then basalt 
A)  limestone and then pillow basalts 
B)  limestone and then rhyolite 
C)  limestone or other sedimentary rock, then gabbror 
D)  limestone or other sedimentary rock, then basalt

Question 8

Beach swash occurs because of which two factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  upwelling, and longshore currents 
B)  breaking waves and longshore currents 
C)  tides, and downwelling currents 
D)  breaking waves tides 
A)  upwelling, and longshore currents 
B)  breaking waves and longshore currents 
C)  tides, and downwelling currents 
D)  breaking waves tides

Question 9

Compared to continental lithosphere,oceanic lithosphere is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thicker 
B)  thinner 
C)  approximately the same thickness 
A)  thicker 
B)  thinner 
C)  approximately the same thickness

Question 10

Which portion of the sea floor is most steeply sloped?

Accepted Answer

A)  abyssal plains 
B)  continental shelves 
C)  continental slopes 
D)  continental rises 
A)  abyssal plains 
B)  continental shelves 
C)  continental slopes 
D)  continental rises

Question 11

Rogue waves arise from constructive interference of multiple convergent waves and can be more than 100 ft high.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

If all the oceans evaporated,the average thickness of the resulting salt layer would be about ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 m 
B)  16 m 
C)  60 m 
D)  160 m 
A)  6 m 
B)  16 m 
C)  60 m 
D)  160 m

Question 13

You are the captain of a submarine and wish to travel through smooth water beneath a storm.If the ocean swells are rolling 1000 ft between crests,what must your cruising depth be below the water surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 ft 
B)  200 ft 
C)  400 ft 
D)  500 ft 
A)  100 ft 
B)  200 ft 
C)  400 ft 
D)  500 ft

Question 14

Oceans' surface waters vary from ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 15 to 34°C 
B)  approximately 1 to 34°C 
C)  approximately 5 to 15°C 
D)  approximately 5 to 34°C 
A)  approximately 15 to 34°C 
B)  approximately 1 to 34°C 
C)  approximately 5 to 15°C 
D)  approximately 5 to 34°C

Question 15

Which type of coastline would most likely contain estuaries or fjords?

Accepted Answer

A)  subductive coastline 
B)  emergent coastline 
C)  submergent coastline 
D)  divergent coastline 
A)  subductive coastline 
B)  emergent coastline 
C)  submergent coastline 
D)  divergent coastline

Question 16

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  50% 
C)  70% 
D)  85% 
A)  30% 
B)  50% 
C)  70% 
D)  85%

Question 17

Wave refraction should erode an irregular coastline ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  evenly along the length of the coast 
B)  mostly along headlands 
C)  mostly in bays 
A)  evenly along the length of the coast 
B)  mostly along headlands 
C)  mostly in bays

Question 18

Upwelling currents exist along the east coasts of lands at the equator because of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sea-level variation between the world's oceans 
B)  the upwelling of denser, more saline cold bottomwaters 
C)  the divergence of surface currents that are part of oppositely spinning gyres in the two hemispheres 
D)  variation in tidal behavior between the two hemispheres 
A)  sea-level variation between the world's oceans 
B)  the upwelling of denser, more saline cold bottomwaters 
C)  the divergence of surface currents that are part of oppositely spinning gyres in the two hemispheres 
D)  variation in tidal behavior between the two hemispheres

Question 19

Water-filled coastal valleys that were excavated by glaciers are termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  deltas 
B)  tombolos 
C)  fjords 
D)  fords 
A)  deltas 
B)  tombolos 
C)  fjords 
D)  fords

Question 20

You are diving for treasure lost when a ship wrecked several hundred years ago.You want to find the most treasure you can.Where do you dive?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the direction the longshore currents come from 
B)  just below the depth of the wave base on calm days 
C)  below the depth of the wave base on rougher-weather days 
D)  into a submarine canyon 
A)  in the direction the longshore currents come from 
B)  just below the depth of the wave base on calm days 
C)  below the depth of the wave base on rougher-weather days 
D)  into a submarine canyon

Exam 15: Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

The most abundant igneous rock within oceanic crust is ____________.

Waves ___________.

The form and topography (depth profile)of the ocean floor is termed ____________.

Why do you think most of the hurricane storm tracks on the figure below curve to the right?

The water temperature at the abyssal plain is ____________.

____________ make up a majority of the ocean floor worldwide.

If you position a drill ship over a guyot,what would you expect to drill into?

Beach swash occurs because of which two factors?

Compared to continental lithosphere,oceanic lithosphere is ____________.

Which portion of the sea floor is most steeply sloped?

Rogue waves arise from constructive interference of multiple convergent waves and can be more than 100 ft high.

If all the oceans evaporated,the average thickness of the resulting salt layer would be about ____________.

You are the captain of a submarine and wish to travel through smooth water beneath a storm.If the ocean swells are rolling 1000 ft between crests,what must your cruising depth be below the water surface?

Oceans' surface waters vary from ____________.

Which type of coastline would most likely contain estuaries or fjords?

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water?

Wave refraction should erode an irregular coastline ____________.

Upwelling currents exist along the east coasts of lands at the equator because of ______________.

Water-filled coastal valleys that were excavated by glaciers are termed ____________.

You are diving for treasure lost when a ship wrecked several hundred years ago.You want to find the most treasure you can.Where do you dive?

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Rock Groups

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earths Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

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