Exam 11: Programming

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 With just facts and goals, Prolog would be nothing more than a database, but the addition of _________ gives programmers a set of tools to manipulate the facts.​

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 When high-level languages were originally conceived in the 1950s, they were dubbed second-generation languages because they seemed a major improvement over machine and assembly languages.​ 

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 ____________ programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

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 A low-level language has a low level of ___________ because it includes commands specific to a particular CPU or microprocessor family.​ 

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 _____________ programmers create productivity applications such as Microsoft Office, as well as enterprise applications such as CRM and ERP.​

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 The _____________ in a problem statement is the information that is supplied to the computer to help it solve a problem.​ 

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 In Prolog, facts can have no more than two arguments.​ 

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 A(n) ___________ typically reads a program written in an assembly language, translates the program into machine language, and then submits the machine language program to the processor for execution.​

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 programmers who work within the declarative paradigm envision a program as data objects that essentially network with each other to exchange data​ 

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 Procedural languages encourage programmers to approach problems by breaking the solution down to a series of steps.​ 

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 A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task.​ 

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  ____________ is a notational system for algorithms that is less formal than a programming language, but more formal than simply jotting down notes.​

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 Which programming language is used for artificial intelligence applications and expert systems?​ 

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 Which of the following is a scripting language?​ 

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 ___________ provides OO programs with easy extensibility and can help simplify program control structures.​ 

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 In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the _________ .​ 

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 A(n) _____________  changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute an instruction elsewhere in the program.​ 

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 The goto command is rarely used by skilled programmers because it can lead to programs that are difficult to understand and maintain.​ 

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 The downside of the _____________ paradigm is that it does not fit gracefully with certain types of problems-those that are unstructured or those with very complex algorithms.​

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 Algorithms are usually written in a format that is specific to a particular programming language.​ 

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