Question 1

Keeping in contact with a target on a moving turntable is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) discrete,closed-loop movement 
B) discrete,open-loop movement 
C) continuous,closed-loop movement 
D) continuous,open-loop movement 
A) discrete,closed-loop movement 
B) discrete,open-loop movement 
C) continuous,closed-loop movement 
D) continuous,open-loop movement C

Question 2

If one task involves making two consecutive movements and another involves making four consecutive movements,research suggests that a person will

Accepted Answer

A) take longer to begin the longer sequence 
B) take longer to begin the shorter sequence 
C) pause before completing the last movement of the long sequence 
D) pause before completing the last movement of the short sequence 
A) take longer to begin the longer sequence 
B) take longer to begin the shorter sequence 
C) pause before completing the last movement of the long sequence 
D) pause before completing the last movement of the short sequence A

Question 3

Some evidence for the existence of motor programs is that

Accepted Answer

A) some movement sequences can continue when sensory feedback has been removed 
B) errors of anticipation suggest that the individual is planning ahead 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b 
A) some movement sequences can continue when sensory feedback has been removed 
B) errors of anticipation suggest that the individual is planning ahead 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b C

Question 4

Research findings suggest that when learning a new motor skill,using massed practice

Accepted Answer

A) is better than using distributed practice 
B) is worse than using distributed practice 
C) is helpful early in training but not later in training 
D) is about equally effective as using distributed practice 
A) is better than using distributed practice 
B) is worse than using distributed practice 
C) is helpful early in training but not later in training 
D) is about equally effective as using distributed practice

Question 5

If a person's task is to draw a 12-inch line while blindfolded,which of the following types of feedback would probably produce the fastest learning-

Accepted Answer

A) being told "Correct" if an attempt is within 1 inch of the desired length 
B) being told "Incorrect" if an attempt is more than 0.1 inches from the desired length 
C) being told the amount an attempt is long or short,to the nearest half inch 
D) being told "Long" if the attempt is too long,and "Short" if the attempt is too short 
A) being told "Correct" if an attempt is within 1 inch of the desired length 
B) being told "Incorrect" if an attempt is more than 0.1 inches from the desired length 
C) being told the amount an attempt is long or short,to the nearest half inch 
D) being told "Long" if the attempt is too long,and "Short" if the attempt is too short

Question 6

If practicing a tennis stroke makes it harder to learn a correct stroke in ping-pong,this would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A) positive transfer 
B) negative transfer 
C) an ironic error 
D) intermittent KR 
A) positive transfer 
B) negative transfer 
C) an ironic error 
D) intermittent KR

Question 7

Studies have found that ________ can be helpful in motor learning.

Accepted Answer

A) observing a model perform the task 
B) practicing with a partner 
C) video self-modeling 
D) all of the above 
A) observing a model perform the task 
B) practicing with a partner 
C) video self-modeling 
D) all of the above

Question 8

The finding that delay of feedback on slow positioning tasks does not have much of an effect on learning can be interpreted as

Accepted Answer

A) evidence supporting the importance of reinforcement in motor learning 
B) evidence against the importance of reinforcement in motor learning 
C) evidence supporting the guidance hypothesis of motor learning 
D) evidence against the guidance hypothesis of motor learning 
A) evidence supporting the importance of reinforcement in motor learning 
B) evidence against the importance of reinforcement in motor learning 
C) evidence supporting the guidance hypothesis of motor learning 
D) evidence against the guidance hypothesis of motor learning

Question 9

To improve a variable skill such as shooting a basketball from different places on the court,the data suggest that the best way to practice is

Accepted Answer

A) shoot all practice shots from one location,such as the foul line 
B) shoot all practice shots from a small number of different locations 
C) shoot from many different locations,and change locations after every practice shot 
D) shoot from many different locations,but shoot a group of shots from one location before switching to another location 
A) shoot all practice shots from one location,such as the foul line 
B) shoot all practice shots from a small number of different locations 
C) shoot from many different locations,and change locations after every practice shot 
D) shoot from many different locations,but shoot a group of shots from one location before switching to another location

Question 10

The distinguishing characteristic of an open-loop movement is that it

Accepted Answer

A) involves a sequence of responses 
B) is completed before the individual receives any feedback 
C) typically includes several mid-course corrections 
D) none of the above 
A) involves a sequence of responses 
B) is completed before the individual receives any feedback 
C) typically includes several mid-course corrections 
D) none of the above

Question 11

In a continuous tracking task,such as tracing a line drawing,delay of visual feedback has

Accepted Answer

A) little or no effect on learning or performance 
B) a small but temporary effect on the rate of learning 
C) a small but permanent effect on performance 
D) a large and permanent effect on performance 
A) little or no effect on learning or performance 
B) a small but temporary effect on the rate of learning 
C) a small but permanent effect on performance 
D) a large and permanent effect on performance

Question 12

Compared to Schmidt's schema theory,a limitation of Adams's two-stage theory is that it

Accepted Answer

A) does not apply to open-loop movements 
B) does not apply to continuous movements 
C) does not apply to movements that must be different every trial 
D) none of the above 
A) does not apply to open-loop movements 
B) does not apply to continuous movements 
C) does not apply to movements that must be different every trial 
D) none of the above

Question 13

According to the guidance hypothesis of motor learning,

Accepted Answer

A) physically guiding the learner's movements will improve long-term performance 
B) physically guiding the learner's movements will impair long-term performance 
C) giving feedback on every trial will improve long-term performance 
D) giving feedback on every trial will impair long-term performance 
A) physically guiding the learner's movements will improve long-term performance 
B) physically guiding the learner's movements will impair long-term performance 
C) giving feedback on every trial will improve long-term performance 
D) giving feedback on every trial will impair long-term performance

Question 14

In a slow positioning task in which feedback is given after each trial is over,such as turning a pointer toward an unseen target,delay of feedback has

Accepted Answer

A) little or no effect on learning or performance 
B) a small but temporary effect on the rate of learning 
C) a small but permanent effect on performance 
D) a large and permanent effect on performance 
A) little or no effect on learning or performance 
B) a small but temporary effect on the rate of learning 
C) a small but permanent effect on performance 
D) a large and permanent effect on performance

Question 15

As long as an individual receives feedback,it should be possible to learn from trials on which the individual's movement is off-target.This is a prediction of

Accepted Answer

A) Adams's two-stage theory 
B) Schmidt's schema theory 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b 
A) Adams's two-stage theory 
B) Schmidt's schema theory 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b

Question 16

According to Adams's two-stage theory of motor learning,if knowledge of results (KR)is withdrawn very early in training,one should observe

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in performance,back to the baseline level 
B) a decrease in performance,but some savings 
C) no change in performance 
D) further improvements in performance 
A) a decrease in performance,back to the baseline level 
B) a decrease in performance,but some savings 
C) no change in performance 
D) further improvements in performance

Question 17

In a study in which subjects were blindfolded and tried to draw lines that were exactly 3 inches long,Thorndike found that

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement was more effective than punishment 
B) practice with reinforcement was more effective than practice without reinforcement 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b 
A) reinforcement was more effective than punishment 
B) practice with reinforcement was more effective than practice without reinforcement 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b

Question 18

Negative transfer is most likely to be observed when two motor tasks involve

Accepted Answer

A) similar responses to similar stimuli 
B) different responses to similar stimuli 
C) different responses to different stimuli 
D) either a or c 
A) similar responses to similar stimuli 
B) different responses to similar stimuli 
C) different responses to different stimuli 
D) either a or c

Question 19

If a golf instructor tells a student to slow down his backswing,this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) qualitative KR 
B) quantitative KR 
C) irrelevant KR 
D) knowledge of performance (KP) 
A) qualitative KR 
B) quantitative KR 
C) irrelevant KR 
D) knowledge of performance (KP)

Question 20

According to Adams's two-stage theory of motor learning,when a person shifts from the verbal-motor stage to the motor stage,the person has

Accepted Answer

A) a fairly good perceptual trace 
B) a fairly good motor trace 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b 
A) a fairly good perceptual trace 
B) a fairly good motor trace 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b

Keeping in contact with a target on a moving turntable is an example of a

If one task involves making two consecutive movements and another involves making four consecutive movements,research suggests that a person will

Some evidence for the existence of motor programs is that

Research findings suggest that when learning a new motor skill,using massed practice

If a person's task is to draw a 12-inch line while blindfolded,which of the following types of feedback would probably produce the fastest learning-

If practicing a tennis stroke makes it harder to learn a correct stroke in ping-pong,this would be an example of

Studies have found that ________ can be helpful in motor learning.

The finding that delay of feedback on slow positioning tasks does not have much of an effect on learning can be interpreted as

To improve a variable skill such as shooting a basketball from different places on the court,the data suggest that the best way to practice is

The distinguishing characteristic of an open-loop movement is that it

In a continuous tracking task,such as tracing a line drawing,delay of visual feedback has

Compared to Schmidt's schema theory,a limitation of Adams's two-stage theory is that it

According to the guidance hypothesis of motor learning,

In a slow positioning task in which feedback is given after each trial is over,such as turning a pointer toward an unseen target,delay of feedback has

As long as an individual receives feedback,it should be possible to learn from trials on which the individual's movement is off-target.This is a prediction of

According to Adams's two-stage theory of motor learning,if knowledge of results (KR)is withdrawn very early in training,one should observe

In a study in which subjects were blindfolded and tried to draw lines that were exactly 3 inches long,Thorndike found that

Negative transfer is most likely to be observed when two motor tasks involve

If a golf instructor tells a student to slow down his backswing,this is an example of

According to Adams's two-stage theory of motor learning,when a person shifts from the verbal-motor stage to the motor stage,the person has

History, background, and Basic Concepts

Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Theories and Research on Classical Conditioning

Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental Analyses and Applications

Avoidance and Punishment

Theories and Research on Operant Conditioning

Stimulus Control and Concept Learning

Comparative Cognition

Learning by Observation

Choice

Filters

Exam 12: Learning Motor Skills

Keeping in contact with a target on a moving turntable is an example of a

If one task involves making two consecutive movements and another involves making four consecutive movements,research suggests that a person will

Some evidence for the existence of motor programs is that

Research findings suggest that when learning a new motor skill,using massed practice

If a person's task is to draw a 12-inch line while blindfolded,which of the following types of feedback would probably produce the fastest learning-

If practicing a tennis stroke makes it harder to learn a correct stroke in ping-pong,this would be an example of

Studies have found that ________ can be helpful in motor learning.

The finding that delay of feedback on slow positioning tasks does not have much of an effect on learning can be interpreted as

To improve a variable skill such as shooting a basketball from different places on the court,the data suggest that the best way to practice is

The distinguishing characteristic of an open-loop movement is that it

In a continuous tracking task,such as tracing a line drawing,delay of visual feedback has

Compared to Schmidt's schema theory,a limitation of Adams's two-stage theory is that it

According to the guidance hypothesis of motor learning,

In a slow positioning task in which feedback is given after each trial is over,such as turning a pointer toward an unseen target,delay of feedback has

As long as an individual receives feedback,it should be possible to learn from trials on which the individual's movement is off-target.This is a prediction of

According to Adams's two-stage theory of motor learning,if knowledge of results (KR)is withdrawn very early in training,one should observe

In a study in which subjects were blindfolded and tried to draw lines that were exactly 3 inches long,Thorndike found that

Negative transfer is most likely to be observed when two motor tasks involve

If a golf instructor tells a student to slow down his backswing,this is an example of

According to Adams's two-stage theory of motor learning,when a person shifts from the verbal-motor stage to the motor stage,the person has

History, background, and Basic Concepts

Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Theories and Research on Classical Conditioning

Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental Analyses and Applications

Avoidance and Punishment

Theories and Research on Operant Conditioning

Stimulus Control and Concept Learning

Comparative Cognition

Learning by Observation

Choice

Filters