Chat with AIExam 4: Structure, Process, Culture, and Delinquency
Shaw and McKay found that delinquency was tied to _____
(31) 
VerifiedD
Sykes and Matza suggest that juveniles develop a distinct set of justifications for their deviant behavior referred to as _________.
(31) VerifiedTechniques of neutralization
Discuss the "culture of poverty" and "underclass".Explain how these concepts place children and adults "at-risk".
(37) Verified-Sociologist Oscar Lewis coined the phrase "culture of poverty" to describe this condition. Apathy, cynicism, helplessness, and mistrust of social institutions such as schools, government agencies, and the police mark the culture of poverty.
-This mistrust prevents members of the lower class from taking advantage of the meager opportunities available to them. Lewis's work was the first of a group that described the plight of at-risk children and adults.
-Economic disparity will continually haunt members of the underclass and their children over the course of their lifespan. Even if they value education and other middle-class norms, their desperate life circumstances (e.g., high unemployment and nontraditional family structures) may prevent them from developing the skills, habits, and lifestyles that lead first to educational success and later to success in the workplace.
- Their ability to maintain social ties in the neighborhood become weak and attenuated, further weakening a neighborhood's cohesiveness and its ability to regulate the behavior of its citizens.
-Student responses will vary, but should include a discussion on "at-risk"
_____ theorists maintain that all people have the potential to violate the law and that modern society presents many opportunities for illegal activity.
(33) According to Miller, clinging to lower-class _______________ promotes illegal or violent
behavior.
(33) Economic disparity will continually haunt members of the _____ and their children over
the course of their lifespan.
(31) A concept through which youth are able to utilize their wits to avoid violent confrontation
And feel safe is known as _____.
(37) Robert Merton found that _____ results if there is a dissonance between goals and the
means to achieve the goals.
(41) Which of the following is not one of the three branches of social structure theory?
(30) According to William Julius Wilson, those people who are left out of the economic mainstream and reduced to living in the most deteriorated inner-city areas are called the _____.
(29) The idea that youths move in and out of delinquency and that their lifestyles can embrace
Both conventional and deviant values is referred to as _____.
(33) _____ theories hold that delinquency is a function of a person's economic status.
(33) Explain Merton's four modes of adaptation.Do you agree or disagree with this theory? Explain why or why not.
(36) Agnew suggests that delinquency is the direct result of the anger, frustration, and
Adverse emotions that youth feel in the wake of negative and destructive social relations.Agnew refers to these feelings as _____.
(38) According to Cohen, _____ is a form of culture conflict experienced by lower-class youths because social conditions prevent them from achieving success as defined by the larger society.
(31) The centerpiece of the Cloward and Ohlin theory is the concept of _____.
(42) The theory of the culture of poverty is the view that lower-class people form a separate culture with their own values and norms, which are sometimes in conflict with conventional society.
(36) Explain the four elements of socialization that have been linked to delinquency.If you were to rank order the elements, how would that look? Explain why you chose this order.
(40) According to social process theories, delinquency is a function of socialization.
(32) The ability of communities to regulate the behavior of their residents through the influence of community institutions, such as the family and school, is called_____.
(25) 
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