Question 1

If a sample is biased, then it is the population of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) unrepresentative of 
B) unrelated to 
C) incorrectly compared to 
D) unfairly applied to 
A) unrepresentative of 
B) unrelated to 
C) incorrectly compared to 
D) unfairly applied to A

Question 2

What is the most common sampling technique in behavioral research?

Accepted Answer

A) Simple random sampling 
B) Purposive sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Convenience sampling 
A) Simple random sampling 
B) Purposive sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Convenience sampling D

Question 3

Online surveys commonly suffer from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Poor reliability 
B) Self-selection 
C) Probability sampling 
D) Over sampling 
A) Poor reliability 
B) Self-selection 
C) Probability sampling 
D) Over sampling B

Question 4

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He gives his students a survey.
Dr) Kramer needs to avoid which of the following if he hopes to avoid having a biased sample?

Accepted Answer

A) Sampling only those students who come to class frequently 
B) Sampling only those students who agree to complete the survey 
C) Sampling only those students who sign the consent form 
D) Sampling only those students who finish the survey 
A) Sampling only those students who come to class frequently 
B) Sampling only those students who agree to complete the survey 
C) Sampling only those students who sign the consent form 
D) Sampling only those students who finish the survey

Question 5

If researchers measure every tenth member of a population, they have:

Accepted Answer

A) conducted a census. 
B) collected a sample. 
C) increased internal validity. 
D) biased the study. 
A) conducted a census. 
B) collected a sample. 
C) increased internal validity. 
D) biased the study.

Question 6

Dr. Dowling is a clinical psychologist who is interested in the link between mental illness and criminal activity. She gets IRB permission to study patients at all five inpatient/residential mental health facilities in her state. There are 4,307 patients currently living in these facilities. She asks patients whether they have ever been arrested for a crime and whether they have ever been convicted of a crime. She collects a sample size of 1,369. She finds that 27% (+/− 3%) report having been arrested for a crime but that only 13% (+/− 3%) have been convicted of a crime.
Choose a representative sampling technique and a biased sampling technique. Explain how Dr. Dowling would implement each of these sampling techniques.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary,but in each response,st

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of a probability sample?

Accepted Answer

A) Simple random sample 
B) Convenience sample 
C) Systematic sample 
D) Cluster sample 
A) Simple random sample 
B) Convenience sample 
C) Systematic sample 
D) Cluster sample

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT result in a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

A) Systematic sample 
B) Simple random sample 
C) Snowball sample 
D) Stratified random sample 
A) Systematic sample 
B) Simple random sample 
C) Snowball sample 
D) Stratified random sample

Question 9

Explain why a researcher may wish to choose snowballing sampling over a representative sampling technique.

Accepted Answer

Snowballing sampling may be beneficial w

Question 10

Dr. Dowling is a clinical psychologist who is interested in the link between mental illness and criminal activity. She gets IRB permission to study patients at all five inpatient/residential mental health facilities in her state. There are 4,307 patients currently living in these facilities. She asks patients whether they have ever been arrested for a crime and whether they have ever been convicted of a crime. She collects a sample size of 1,369. She finds that 27% (+/- 3%) report having been arrested for a crime but that only 13% (+/- 3%) have been convicted of a crime.
Dr. Dowling is interviewed by a journalist about the findings of her study. The journalist asks her to explain what it means that "27% of the sample (+/- 3%) report having been arrested for a crime."

Accepted Answer

Twenty-seven percent of the 1,

Question 11

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) The true percentage of fathers who feel this way is 23%. 
B) If this study was done many times, the estimate of father uncertainty would be 23% about 4% of the time. 
C) We can be 4% sure that the estimate of father uncertainty would be 23% of fathers. 
D) If the study was done many times, the estimate of father uncertainty would be between 19% and 27%. 
A) The true percentage of fathers who feel this way is 23%. 
B) If this study was done many times, the estimate of father uncertainty would be 23% about 4% of the time. 
C) We can be 4% sure that the estimate of father uncertainty would be 23% of fathers. 
D) If the study was done many times, the estimate of father uncertainty would be between 19% and 27%.

Question 12

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. If Dr. Cyril increased his sample size to 1,000, which of the following would happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The true estimate would increase. 
B) The margin of error would become smaller. 
C) External validity would become less important. 
D) Statistical validity would become negatively affected. 
A) The true estimate would increase. 
B) The margin of error would become smaller. 
C) External validity would become less important. 
D) Statistical validity would become negatively affected.

Question 13

For his research methods class project, Hiro is studying the effect of pet ownership on stress levels. Although a lot of research has been done on dog and cat owners, not much is known about other pets so Hiro decides to study bird owners. Which of the following would demonstrate a snowball sampling technique?

Accepted Answer

A) He contacts the Twitter followers of Dr. Oiseau, a famous biologist who studies birds. 
B) He recruits bird owners by e-mailing members of the National Bird Owners Association and asking for participants. 
C) His participants are all the people who have purchased birds at his local pet store in the past 6 months. 
D) He asks bird owners to give him the names of other bird owners. 
A) He contacts the Twitter followers of Dr. Oiseau, a famous biologist who studies birds. 
B) He recruits bird owners by e-mailing members of the National Bird Owners Association and asking for participants. 
C) His participants are all the people who have purchased birds at his local pet store in the past 6 months. 
D) He asks bird owners to give him the names of other bird owners.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding interrogating frequency claims?

Accepted Answer

A) Their accuracy can usually be determined. 
B) The chief concern is to evaluate the sampling technique. 
C) The most important thing to consider is the size of the sample. 
D) Frequency claims cannot be interrogated. 
A) Their accuracy can usually be determined. 
B) The chief concern is to evaluate the sampling technique. 
C) The most important thing to consider is the size of the sample. 
D) Frequency claims cannot be interrogated.

Question 15

External validity is most important for which of the following claims?

Accepted Answer

A) Frequency claims 
B) Association claims 
C) Causal claims 
D) External validity is equally important for all claims. 
A) Frequency claims 
B) Association claims 
C) Causal claims 
D) External validity is equally important for all claims.

Question 16

Dr. Parrett is a sports psychologist for a large Southern university. The provost and chancellor have asked him to examine the relationship between athletic performance and academic stress at the university. For example, is it the case that the most talented athletes experience the greatest concern over their grades? The provost and chancellor have made it clear to Dr. Parrett that they want a large amount of external validity in the study. He has valid and reliable measures of both athletic performance and academic stress. He knows that he does not have the time or the money to study the entire population of interest.
Imagine that Dr. Parrett wants to use a nonrepresentative sampling technique. Name the three types of nonprobability sampling and explain how each one could be used by Dr. Parrett.

Accepted Answer

In each response,students need to name t

Question 17

Dr. Dowling is a clinical psychologist who is interested in the link between mental illness and criminal activity. She gets IRB permission to study patients at all five inpatient/residential mental health facilities in her state. There are 4,307 patients currently living in these facilities. She asks patients whether they have ever been arrested for a crime and whether they have ever been convicted of a crime. She collects a sample size of 1,369. She finds that 27% (+/− 3%) report having been arrested for a crime but that only 13% (+/− 3%) have been convicted of a crime.
Name two populations of interest that Dr. Dowling could reasonably generalize her findings to. State which of these two populations her findings would be more generalizable to and explain why that is the case.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary,and students can mentio

Question 18

What is the difference between random sampling and random assignment?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling is used to generate a re

Question 19

A representative sample is most necessary for which type of claim (frequency, association, or causal)? Why?

Accepted Answer

A representative sample is most necessar

Question 20

A sample is always a population.

Accepted Answer

A) more expensive to measure than 
B) smaller than 
C) more interesting than 
D) more scientific than 
A) more expensive to measure than 
B) smaller than 
C) more interesting than 
D) more scientific than

If a sample is biased, then it is the population of interest.

What is the most common sampling technique in behavioral research?

Online surveys commonly suffer from which of the following?

If researchers measure every tenth member of a population, they have:

Which of the following is NOT an example of a probability sample?

Which of the following does NOT result in a representative sample?

Explain why a researcher may wish to choose snowballing sampling over a representative sampling technique.

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. What does this mean?

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. If Dr. Cyril increased his sample size to 1,000, which of the following would happen?

Which of the following is true regarding interrogating frequency claims?

External validity is most important for which of the following claims?

What is the difference between random sampling and random assignment?

A representative sample is most necessary for which type of claim (frequency, association, or causal)? Why?

A sample is always a population.

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replication, Generalization, and the Real World

Filters

Exam 7: Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

If a sample is biased, then it is the population of interest.

What is the most common sampling technique in behavioral research?

Online surveys commonly suffer from which of the following?

If researchers measure every tenth member of a population, they have:

Which of the following is NOT an example of a probability sample?

Which of the following does NOT result in a representative sample?

Explain why a researcher may wish to choose snowballing sampling over a representative sampling technique.

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. What does this mean?

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. If Dr. Cyril increased his sample size to 1,000, which of the following would happen?

Which of the following is true regarding interrogating frequency claims?

External validity is most important for which of the following claims?

What is the difference between random sampling and random assignment?

A representative sample is most necessary for which type of claim (frequency, association, or causal)? Why?

A sample is always a population.

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replication, Generalization, and the Real World

Filters