Question 1

Another word for replicable is:

Accepted Answer

A) valid. 
B) reproducible. 
C) reliable. 
D) scientific. 
A) valid. 
B) reproducible. 
C) reliable. 
D) scientific. B

Question 2

Explain why using WEIRD samples tends not to be a problem for researchers operating in the theory-testing mode and why cultural psychologists question this practice.

Accepted Answer

Researchers in theory-testing mode often deprioritize external validity.As such,it is not necessary to use truly representative samples.However,cultural psychologists remind psychologists that just because a process exists in one cultural group does not mean that it will exist across cultures and that they should move beyond WEIRD samples.

Question 3

Cindy decides to conduct a meta-analysis examining the relationship between daily stress and cardiovascular health for her senior psychology research project.
Which of the following is NOT a step Cindy will do in conducting her meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Collect all the studies that have been conducted on daily stress and cardiovascular health 
B) Measure daily stress and cardiovascular health in several new samples of participants 
C) Calculate an effect size 
D) Contact other researchers for unpublished studies 
A) Collect all the studies that have been conducted on daily stress and cardiovascular health 
B) Measure daily stress and cardiovascular health in several new samples of participants 
C) Calculate an effect size 
D) Contact other researchers for unpublished studies B

Question 4

Which of the following is true of a scientific literature?

Accepted Answer

A) It comprises studies conducted by a single researcher. 
B) It comprises studies that have tested the exact same variable. 
C) It comprises studies conducted all in the same year. 
D) It comprises studies conducted with different methods. 
A) It comprises studies conducted by a single researcher. 
B) It comprises studies that have tested the exact same variable. 
C) It comprises studies conducted all in the same year. 
D) It comprises studies conducted with different methods.

Question 5

A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:

Accepted Answer

A) mundane surroundings. 
B) a field setting. 
C) an ecological situation. 
D) authentic localities. 
A) mundane surroundings. 
B) a field setting. 
C) an ecological situation. 
D) authentic localities.

Question 6

Mark conducts a study for his research methods class to determine if consuming caffeine causes people to perform better on cognitive tasks. In his study, he gives half of his participants a glass of water and half of his participants a glass of cola and then has them attempt to solve 15 math problems. He finds that people who drink caffeine beforehand solve more math problems than those who drink water beforehand.
Mark decides to conduct a conceptual replication. Which of the following could be in the study to make it this type of replication?

Accepted Answer

A) Measuring a different group of participants 
B) Having participants drink a caffeinated energy drink rather than a caffeinated cola 
C) Measuring the same participants 1 week later 
D) Having participants complete 10 math problems instead of 15 
A) Measuring a different group of participants 
B) Having participants drink a caffeinated energy drink rather than a caffeinated cola 
C) Measuring the same participants 1 week later 
D) Having participants complete 10 math problems instead of 15

Question 7

A researcher in theory-testing mode focuses on validity, while a researcher in generalization mode focuses on validity.

Accepted Answer

A) internal; external 
B) external; internal 
C) external; statistical 
D) statistical; external 
A) internal; external 
B) external; internal 
C) external; statistical 
D) statistical; external

Question 8

Which types of claims are always made in generalization mode? Why is this the case?

Accepted Answer

Frequency claims are always made in gene

Question 9

What is preregistration? Why is it important in the scientific process?

Accepted Answer

Preregistration occurs when scientists s

Question 10

Which of the following claims is always researched in generalization mode?

Accepted Answer

A) Association claims 
B) Causal claims 
C) Frequency claims 
D) Experimental claims 
A) Association claims 
B) Causal claims 
C) Frequency claims 
D) Experimental claims

Question 11

Preregistration occurs at which point in the scientific process?

Accepted Answer

A) Before data collection 
B) Before developing hypotheses 
C) After publication 
D) After replication 
A) Before data collection 
B) Before developing hypotheses 
C) After publication 
D) After replication

Question 12

Dr. Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods"). In his study, he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college. He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One, Dogma, Passion of the Christ) and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen. He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g., church, temple, synagogue, mosque) in the past year. He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance.
Provide an example of each of the following for Dr. Tropez's original study: a direct replication, a conceptual replication, and a replication with extension.

Accepted Answer

In each response,students should provide

Question 13

A conceptual replication study, which supported a previous United States-based study on the association between self-associations and social behaviors, was just published. This study used a different method to assess social behavior and randomly sampled 50 people from the population in Canada, where the study was conducted. How might a cultural psychologist respond to the new article about this study?

Accepted Answer

A) With enthusiasm, since replication studies are rare 
B) With skepticism, because this theory may not apply to more culturally diverse populations 
C) With skepticism, since this study used a small sample size 
D) With enthusiasm, because of the inclusion of one culturally diverse sample 
A) With enthusiasm, since replication studies are rare 
B) With skepticism, because this theory may not apply to more culturally diverse populations 
C) With skepticism, since this study used a small sample size 
D) With enthusiasm, because of the inclusion of one culturally diverse sample

Question 14

Explain why replication is important to science. Name a method that scientists use to determine whether a study is replicable.

Accepted Answer

Replication is important to science beca

Question 15

In a conceptual replication, the are the same, but the is/are different from the original study.

Accepted Answer

A) variables; operationalization 
B) independent variables; dependent variables 
C) researchers; outcomes 
D) methods; participants 
A) variables; operationalization 
B) independent variables; dependent variables 
C) researchers; outcomes 
D) methods; participants

Question 16

Explain what the file drawer problem is and how and why it needs to be addressed when conducting a meta-analysis.

Accepted Answer

The file drawer problem is that studies

Question 17

Psychologists use which of the following strategies to determine a study's replicability?

Accepted Answer

A) Internal validity 
B) Repeating the study 
C) Generalizing 
D) Study reframing 
A) Internal validity 
B) Repeating the study 
C) Generalizing 
D) Study reframing

Question 18

Which of the following studies would be least likely to be influenced by cultural differences?

Accepted Answer

A) A study of the association between depression and cultural beliefs about mental health 
B) A study examining rates of divorce across different cultures 
C) A study examining the effect of parent education on child socialization 
D) A study examining motor responses of newborns 
A) A study of the association between depression and cultural beliefs about mental health 
B) A study examining rates of divorce across different cultures 
C) A study examining the effect of parent education on child socialization 
D) A study examining motor responses of newborns

Question 19

Name the subdiscipline of psychology that works exclusively in generalization mode, and explain why it works exclusively in this mode.

Accepted Answer

The subdiscipline that works exclusively

Question 20

Which of the following participant samples would most likely generalize to the population of teenage American girls?

Accepted Answer

A) 75 girls aged 13-18, randomly sampled from multiple sites across the country 
B) All 500 of the girls at a single high school 
C) 200 girls recruited from Girl Scout troops across the country 
D) 50 after-school female volunteers who were available to participate in the research easily 
A) 75 girls aged 13-18, randomly sampled from multiple sites across the country 
B) All 500 of the girls at a single high school 
C) 200 girls recruited from Girl Scout troops across the country 
D) 50 after-school female volunteers who were available to participate in the research easily

Another word for replicable is:

Explain why using WEIRD samples tends not to be a problem for researchers operating in the theory-testing mode and why cultural psychologists question this practice.

Cindy decides to conduct a meta-analysis examining the relationship between daily stress and cardiovascular health for her senior psychology research project. Which of the following is NOT a step Cindy will do in conducting her meta-analysis?

Which of the following is true of a scientific literature?

A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:

A researcher in theory-testing mode focuses on validity, while a researcher in generalization mode focuses on validity.

Which types of claims are always made in generalization mode? Why is this the case?

What is preregistration? Why is it important in the scientific process?

Which of the following claims is always researched in generalization mode?

Preregistration occurs at which point in the scientific process?

Explain why replication is important to science. Name a method that scientists use to determine whether a study is replicable.

In a conceptual replication, the are the same, but the is/are different from the original study.

Explain what the file drawer problem is and how and why it needs to be addressed when conducting a meta-analysis.

Psychologists use which of the following strategies to determine a study's replicability?

Which of the following studies would be least likely to be influenced by cultural differences?

Name the subdiscipline of psychology that works exclusively in generalization mode, and explain why it works exclusively in this mode.

Which of the following participant samples would most likely generalize to the population of teenage American girls?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Filters

Exam 14: Replication, Generalization, and the Real World

Another word for replicable is:

Explain why using WEIRD samples tends not to be a problem for researchers operating in the theory-testing mode and why cultural psychologists question this practice.

Cindy decides to conduct a meta-analysis examining the relationship between daily stress and cardiovascular health for her senior psychology research project. Which of the following is NOT a step Cindy will do in conducting her meta-analysis?

Which of the following is true of a scientific literature?

A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:

A researcher in theory-testing mode focuses on validity, while a researcher in generalization mode focuses on validity.

Which types of claims are always made in generalization mode? Why is this the case?

What is preregistration? Why is it important in the scientific process?

Which of the following claims is always researched in generalization mode?

Preregistration occurs at which point in the scientific process?

Explain why replication is important to science. Name a method that scientists use to determine whether a study is replicable.

In a conceptual replication, the are the same, but the is/are different from the original study.

Explain what the file drawer problem is and how and why it needs to be addressed when conducting a meta-analysis.

Psychologists use which of the following strategies to determine a study's replicability?

Which of the following studies would be least likely to be influenced by cultural differences?

Name the subdiscipline of psychology that works exclusively in generalization mode, and explain why it works exclusively in this mode.

Which of the following participant samples would most likely generalize to the population of teenage American girls?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Filters