Question 1

The text states that the first step in establishing a study's importance is to establish its .

Accepted Answer

A) replicability 
B) external validity 
C) internal validity 
D) acceptance by scientists 
A) replicability 
B) external validity 
C) internal validity 
D) acceptance by scientists

Question 2

Some studies may not replicate because the original study used questionable scientific practices. Which of the following is a way open science practices attempt to deal with this problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Using larger sample sizes 
B) Requiring scientists to make their data and materials available for review 
C) Conducting direct replications 
D) Encouraging preregistration 
A) Using larger sample sizes 
B) Requiring scientists to make their data and materials available for review 
C) Conducting direct replications 
D) Encouraging preregistration

Question 3

When generalizing the results of a sample to a population, which of the following is the most important question to ask?

Accepted Answer

A) Where were the participants tested? 
B) How many participants were in the sample? 
C) How were the participants sampled? 
D) Do the participants come from the "real world"? 
A) Where were the participants tested? 
B) How many participants were in the sample? 
C) How were the participants sampled? 
D) Do the participants come from the "real world"?

Question 4

Why do studies conducted in theory-testing mode de-emphasize ecological validity?

Accepted Answer

A) Ecological validity is never important. 
B) Internal validity is the highest priority for theory testing. 
C) Testing a theory never requires realism. 
D) Theories do not need to explain the behavior of everyone. 
A) Ecological validity is never important. 
B) Internal validity is the highest priority for theory testing. 
C) Testing a theory never requires realism. 
D) Theories do not need to explain the behavior of everyone.

Question 5

What does it mean that a sample is WEIRD? (In other words, what does WEIRD stand for?) Why can WEIRD samples be problematic for research?

Accepted Answer

The acronym WEIRD stands for/means sampl

Question 6

What is experimental realism? What does this mean for studies conducted in artificial settings (e.g., a laboratory) and studies conducted in field settings?

Accepted Answer

Experimental realism is providing partic

Question 7

Explain how a study can be important but lack a diverse, random sample and a real-world setting. What type of study is likely to have neither of these?

Accepted Answer

Studies can be important even if they la

Question 8

In a conceptual replication, which of the following is allowed to be dissimilar from the original study?

Accepted Answer

A) The dependent variable in the study 
B) The independent variable in the study 
C) The procedures of the study 
D) The moderators used in the study 
A) The dependent variable in the study 
B) The independent variable in the study 
C) The procedures of the study 
D) The moderators used in the study

Question 9

Cindy decides to conduct a meta-analysis examining the relationship between daily stress and cardiovascular health for her senior psychology research project.
Cindy's advisor recommends that she contact several researchers in the field for articles that were not published and/or that found null effects. Doing this will address which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The file drawer problem 
B) The need for overestimation 
C) The lack of reporting significant findings 
D) Ecological validity 
A) The file drawer problem 
B) The need for overestimation 
C) The lack of reporting significant findings 
D) Ecological validity

Question 10

Dr. Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods"). In his study, he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college. He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One, Dogma, Passion of the Christ) and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen. He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g., church, temple, synagogue, mosque) in the past year. He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance.
A colleague criticizes Dr. Tropez for using a WEIRD sample. Explain what this means and why it is a problem.

Accepted Answer

The acronym WEIRD stands for/means sampl

Question 11

According to the textbook, which of the following is a component of WEIRD people?

Accepted Answer

A) Women 
B) Educated 
C) Interdependent 
D) Republican 
A) Women 
B) Educated 
C) Interdependent 
D) Republican

Question 12

Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

Accepted Answer

A) Construct validity 
B) External validity 
C) Internal validity 
D) Statistical validity 
A) Construct validity 
B) External validity 
C) Internal validity 
D) Statistical validity

Question 13

psychology is a subdiscipline of psychology that works primarily in the generalization mode.

Accepted Answer

A) Clinical 
B) Experimental 
C) Social 
D) Cultural 
A) Clinical 
B) Experimental 
C) Social 
D) Cultural

Question 14

Responsible journalists do which of the following as it pertains to discussing replicability?

Accepted Answer

A) They report only on studies that have been directly replicated. 
B) They report findings only from meta-analyses. 
C) They provide readers with a sense of the entire literature as well as recent studies. 
D) They provide readers with statistical values from each study. 
A) They report only on studies that have been directly replicated. 
B) They report findings only from meta-analyses. 
C) They provide readers with a sense of the entire literature as well as recent studies. 
D) They provide readers with statistical values from each study.

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason that psychologists especially value meta-analyses?

Accepted Answer

A) Meta-analyses eliminate the need for replications. 
B) Meta-analyses allow researchers to examine the strength of a relationship. 
C) Meta-analyses are immune to threats to internal validity. 
D) Meta-analyses always take less time to conduct. 
A) Meta-analyses eliminate the need for replications. 
B) Meta-analyses allow researchers to examine the strength of a relationship. 
C) Meta-analyses are immune to threats to internal validity. 
D) Meta-analyses always take less time to conduct.

Question 16

Which of the following studies is most likely to be conducted in generalization mode?

Accepted Answer

A) Examining whether dog ownership decreases stress levels 
B) Exploring the relationship between weight and number of fast-food restaurants in one's neighborhood 
C) Determining how frequently people report fighting with their bosses 
D) Investigating whether there is a causal link between receiving cognitive therapy and increased coping skills 
A) Examining whether dog ownership decreases stress levels 
B) Exploring the relationship between weight and number of fast-food restaurants in one's neighborhood 
C) Determining how frequently people report fighting with their bosses 
D) Investigating whether there is a causal link between receiving cognitive therapy and increased coping skills

Question 17

Who determines the population to which a study's findings generalize?

Accepted Answer

A) The participants 
B) Journalists 
C) The IRB 
D) The researcher 
A) The participants 
B) Journalists 
C) The IRB 
D) The researcher

Question 18

Explain why external validity is the priority in generalization mode but not in theory-testing mode.

Accepted Answer

When working in generalization mode,the

Question 19

Which of the following is another term for ecological validity?

Accepted Answer

A) Mundane realism 
B) Everyday realism 
C) Experimental realism 
D) Cultural realism 
A) Mundane realism 
B) Everyday realism 
C) Experimental realism 
D) Cultural realism

Question 20

Which of the following is a benefit of a meta-analysis compared to other types of publications?

Accepted Answer

A) Meta-analyses allow for calculation of effect size across multiple studies. 
B) Only meta-analyses allow for examination of moderators. 
C) Meta-analysis is the only type of publication that synthesizes an entire scientific literature. 
D) Meta-analyses always avoid the file drawer problem. 
A) Meta-analyses allow for calculation of effect size across multiple studies. 
B) Only meta-analyses allow for examination of moderators. 
C) Meta-analysis is the only type of publication that synthesizes an entire scientific literature. 
D) Meta-analyses always avoid the file drawer problem.

The text states that the first step in establishing a study's importance is to establish its .

Some studies may not replicate because the original study used questionable scientific practices. Which of the following is a way open science practices attempt to deal with this problem?

When generalizing the results of a sample to a population, which of the following is the most important question to ask?

Why do studies conducted in theory-testing mode de-emphasize ecological validity?

What does it mean that a sample is WEIRD? (In other words, what does WEIRD stand for?) Why can WEIRD samples be problematic for research?

What is experimental realism? What does this mean for studies conducted in artificial settings (e.g., a laboratory) and studies conducted in field settings?

Explain how a study can be important but lack a diverse, random sample and a real-world setting. What type of study is likely to have neither of these?

In a conceptual replication, which of the following is allowed to be dissimilar from the original study?

According to the textbook, which of the following is a component of WEIRD people?

Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

psychology is a subdiscipline of psychology that works primarily in the generalization mode.

Responsible journalists do which of the following as it pertains to discussing replicability?

Which of the following is a reason that psychologists especially value meta-analyses?

Which of the following studies is most likely to be conducted in generalization mode?

Who determines the population to which a study's findings generalize?

Explain why external validity is the priority in generalization mode but not in theory-testing mode.

Which of the following is another term for ecological validity?

Which of the following is a benefit of a meta-analysis compared to other types of publications?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Filters

Exam 14: Replication, Generalization, and the Real World

The text states that the first step in establishing a study's importance is to establish its .

Some studies may not replicate because the original study used questionable scientific practices. Which of the following is a way open science practices attempt to deal with this problem?

When generalizing the results of a sample to a population, which of the following is the most important question to ask?

Why do studies conducted in theory-testing mode de-emphasize ecological validity?

What does it mean that a sample is WEIRD? (In other words, what does WEIRD stand for?) Why can WEIRD samples be problematic for research?

What is experimental realism? What does this mean for studies conducted in artificial settings (e.g., a laboratory) and studies conducted in field settings?

Explain how a study can be important but lack a diverse, random sample and a real-world setting. What type of study is likely to have neither of these?

In a conceptual replication, which of the following is allowed to be dissimilar from the original study?

According to the textbook, which of the following is a component of WEIRD people?

Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

psychology is a subdiscipline of psychology that works primarily in the generalization mode.

Responsible journalists do which of the following as it pertains to discussing replicability?

Which of the following is a reason that psychologists especially value meta-analyses?

Which of the following studies is most likely to be conducted in generalization mode?

Who determines the population to which a study's findings generalize?

Explain why external validity is the priority in generalization mode but not in theory-testing mode.

Which of the following is another term for ecological validity?

Which of the following is a benefit of a meta-analysis compared to other types of publications?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Filters