Question 1

Goldenhar syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of defects.What eye abnormality is the cardinal finding of this syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epicanthal folds 
B)  Cryptophthalmos 
C)  Epibulbar dermoids 
D)  Distichiasis 
E)  Ocular telangiectasia 
A)  Epicanthal folds 
B)  Cryptophthalmos 
C)  Epibulbar dermoids 
D)  Distichiasis 
E)  Ocular telangiectasia C

Question 2

During retinal differentiation,the various cell types differentiate in sequence.Which cell type is the last to be born?

Accepted Answer

A)  Müller 
B)  Ganglion 
C)  Amacrine 
D)  Bipolar 
E)  Rod
F) Cone 
A)  Müller 
B)  Ganglion 
C)  Amacrine 
D)  Bipolar 
E)  Rod
F) Cone A

Question 3

Researchers have shown that the various regions of the developing eye are specified by different transcription factors whose expression is induced by the adjacent tissues.Which region of the eye requires the transcription factor Chx10?

Accepted Answer

A)  Optic stalk 
B)  Neural retina 
C)  Pigmented retina 
D)  Lens 
E)  Cornea 
A)  Optic stalk 
B)  Neural retina 
C)  Pigmented retina 
D)  Lens 
E)  Cornea B

Question 4

What are the key protein constituent(s)of the lens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melanin 
B)  Crystallins 
C)  Keratins 
A)  Melanin 
B)  Crystallins 
C)  Keratins

Question 5

Researchers have shown that the various regions of the developing eye are specified by different transcription factors whose expression is induced by the adjacent tissues.Chx10 is one such factor that is required for the development of the neural retina.What growth factor regulates its expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shh 
B)  TgfBeta 
C)  Fgf 
D)  Egf 
E)  Vegf 
A)  Shh 
B)  TgfBeta 
C)  Fgf 
D)  Egf 
E)  Vegf

Question 6

Which is the most frequent genetic syndrome that affects the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome 
B)  Leber congenital amaurosis syndrome 
C)  Retinitis pigmentosa 
D)  Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 
E)  Norrie disease 
A)  Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome 
B)  Leber congenital amaurosis syndrome 
C)  Retinitis pigmentosa 
D)  Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 
E)  Norrie disease

Question 7

Coloboma results from failure of which development event?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eye induction 
B)  Differentiation of the photoreceptors 
C)  Regression of the hyaloid artery 
D)  Closure of the optic fissure 
E)  Formation of the eyelids 
A)  Eye induction 
B)  Differentiation of the photoreceptors 
C)  Regression of the hyaloid artery 
D)  Closure of the optic fissure 
E)  Formation of the eyelids

Question 8

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome,characterized by kidney and hearing defects,is due to mutation of which gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  EYES ABSENT HOMOLOG 1(EYA1) 
B)  EYES ABSENT HOMOLOG 4 (EYA4) 
C)  POU4F3 
D)  CONNEXIN 26 
E)  FGF8 
A)  EYES ABSENT HOMOLOG 1(EYA1) 
B)  EYES ABSENT HOMOLOG 4 (EYA4) 
C)  POU4F3 
D)  CONNEXIN 26 
E)  FGF8

Question 9

Which growth factor signaling pathway initiates retinal differentiation in the fovea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shh 
B)  Wnt 
C)  Notch 
D)  Bmp 
E)  Fgf 
A)  Shh 
B)  Wnt 
C)  Notch 
D)  Bmp 
E)  Fgf

Question 10

Protanopes lack which cell type?

Accepted Answer

A)  S cones 
B)  M cones 
C)  L cones 
D)  Rods 
A)  S cones 
B)  M cones 
C)  L cones 
D)  Rods

Question 11

Mutations in the gene encoding the FOXC2 transcription factor would be expected to cause which anomaly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epicanthal folds 
B)  Cryptophthalmos 
C)  Epibulbar dermoids 
D)  Distichiasis 
E)  Ocular telangiectasia 
A)  Epicanthal folds 
B)  Cryptophthalmos 
C)  Epibulbar dermoids 
D)  Distichiasis 
E)  Ocular telangiectasia

Goldenhar syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of defects.What eye abnormality is the cardinal finding of this syndrome?

During retinal differentiation,the various cell types differentiate in sequence.Which cell type is the last to be born?

Researchers have shown that the various regions of the developing eye are specified by different transcription factors whose expression is induced by the adjacent tissues.Which region of the eye requires the transcription factor Chx10?

What are the key protein constituent(s)of the lens?

Researchers have shown that the various regions of the developing eye are specified by different transcription factors whose expression is induced by the adjacent tissues.Chx10 is one such factor that is required for the development of the neural retina.What growth factor regulates its expression?

Which is the most frequent genetic syndrome that affects the retina?

Coloboma results from failure of which development event?

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome,characterized by kidney and hearing defects,is due to mutation of which gene?

Which growth factor signaling pathway initiates retinal differentiation in the fovea?

Protanopes lack which cell type?

Mutations in the gene encoding the FOXC2 transcription factor would be expected to cause which anomaly?

Introduction

Gametogenesis, Fertilization, and First Week

Second Week: Becoming Bilaminar and Fully Implanting

Third Week: Becoming Trilaminar and Establishing Body Axes

Fourth Week: Forming the Embryo

Principles and Mechanisms of Morphogenesis and Dysmorphogenesis

Fetal Development and the Fetus As a Patient

Development of the Skin and Its Derivatives

Development of the Musculoskeletal System

Development of the Central Nervous System

Development of the Peripheral Nervous System

Development of the Respiratory System and Body Cavities

Development of the Heart

Development of the Vasculature

Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Development of the Urinary System

Development of the Reproductive System

Development of the Pharyngeal Apparatus and Face

Development of the Ears

Development of the Limbs

Filters

Exam 20: Development of the Eyes

Goldenhar syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of defects.What eye abnormality is the cardinal finding of this syndrome?

During retinal differentiation,the various cell types differentiate in sequence.Which cell type is the last to be born?

Researchers have shown that the various regions of the developing eye are specified by different transcription factors whose expression is induced by the adjacent tissues.Which region of the eye requires the transcription factor Chx10?

What are the key protein constituent(s)of the lens?

Researchers have shown that the various regions of the developing eye are specified by different transcription factors whose expression is induced by the adjacent tissues.Chx10 is one such factor that is required for the development of the neural retina.What growth factor regulates its expression?

Which is the most frequent genetic syndrome that affects the retina?

Coloboma results from failure of which development event?

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome,characterized by kidney and hearing defects,is due to mutation of which gene?

Which growth factor signaling pathway initiates retinal differentiation in the fovea?

Protanopes lack which cell type?

Mutations in the gene encoding the FOXC2 transcription factor would be expected to cause which anomaly?

Introduction

Gametogenesis, Fertilization, and First Week

Second Week: Becoming Bilaminar and Fully Implanting

Third Week: Becoming Trilaminar and Establishing Body Axes

Fourth Week: Forming the Embryo

Principles and Mechanisms of Morphogenesis and Dysmorphogenesis

Fetal Development and the Fetus As a Patient

Development of the Skin and Its Derivatives

Development of the Musculoskeletal System

Development of the Central Nervous System

Development of the Peripheral Nervous System

Development of the Respiratory System and Body Cavities

Development of the Heart

Development of the Vasculature

Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Development of the Urinary System

Development of the Reproductive System

Development of the Pharyngeal Apparatus and Face

Development of the Ears

Development of the Limbs

Filters