Question 1

The most common iodophor used in the United States for preoperative skin preparation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium iodophor 
B)  95% ethanol and iodine 
C)  Tincture of iodine 
D)  Povidone iodine 
A)  Calcium iodophor 
B)  95% ethanol and iodine 
C)  Tincture of iodine 
D)  Povidone iodine

Question 2

Technicians are doing the morning chemistry run.Once they load the specimens onto the instrument,they remove their gloves to do paperwork in a clean area of the laboratory.What should the technicians do after removing their gloves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reposition the tubes in the racks. 
B)  Take a break and eat a snack. 
C)  Call any critical values. 
D)  Wash their hands. 
A)  Reposition the tubes in the racks. 
B)  Take a break and eat a snack. 
C)  Call any critical values. 
D)  Wash their hands.

Question 3

A Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1)level of containment is used for organisms that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause 90% mortality of infected people 
B)  Are well classified and not known to cause disease in healthy people 
C)  Cause 90% morbidity of infected people 
D)  Can be transmitted through aerosols 
A)  Cause 90% mortality of infected people 
B)  Are well classified and not known to cause disease in healthy people 
C)  Cause 90% morbidity of infected people 
D)  Can be transmitted through aerosols

Question 4

The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)defines hazardous waste as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Those wastes that present an aerosol, infectious, or sharps danger to laboratory and hospital personnel 
B)  Those substances that singly or in combination pose a significant present or potential threat or hazard to human health 
C)  Exotic and indigenous microorganisms and chemicals that present an infectious, explosive, corrosive, or irritant risk 
D)  All the following classes of substances: microorganisms, toxic chemicals, electricity, fire, and blood-borne pathogens 
A)  Those wastes that present an aerosol, infectious, or sharps danger to laboratory and hospital personnel 
B)  Those substances that singly or in combination pose a significant present or potential threat or hazard to human health 
C)  Exotic and indigenous microorganisms and chemicals that present an infectious, explosive, corrosive, or irritant risk 
D)  All the following classes of substances: microorganisms, toxic chemicals, electricity, fire, and blood-borne pathogens

Question 5

When killing microorganisms,you must take all the following into consideration EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  A type of microorganism 
B)  Temperature 
C)  Humidity 
D)  Bioburden 
A)  A type of microorganism 
B)  Temperature 
C)  Humidity 
D)  Bioburden

Question 6

Work Practice Controls consist of all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Ensuring written procedures are in place for a task 
B)  Altering the manner in which a task is performed to reduce exposure to infectious agents 
C)  Allowing workers to eat at the bench if it gets busy and they don't have time to take a lunch break 
D)  Reviewing the procedure manual annually 
A)  Ensuring written procedures are in place for a task 
B)  Altering the manner in which a task is performed to reduce exposure to infectious agents 
C)  Allowing workers to eat at the bench if it gets busy and they don't have time to take a lunch break 
D)  Reviewing the procedure manual annually

Question 7

Category A bioterrorism agents:

Accepted Answer

A)  Pose the highest threat because they are easily transmitted and highly infectious 
B)  Have moderate morbidity and low mortality and are not easily transmitted 
C)  Are emerging pathogens 
D)  Are enteric pathogens 
A)  Pose the highest threat because they are easily transmitted and highly infectious 
B)  Have moderate morbidity and low mortality and are not easily transmitted 
C)  Are emerging pathogens 
D)  Are enteric pathogens

Question 8

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)requires laboratories to have this document to ensure that laboratory personnel have a thorough working knowledge of the hazards of the chemicals with which they work.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical Control Plan 
B)  Standard Operating Procedures 
C)  Chemical Hygiene Plan 
D)  OSHA Compliance Plan 
A)  Chemical Control Plan 
B)  Standard Operating Procedures 
C)  Chemical Hygiene Plan 
D)  OSHA Compliance Plan

Question 9

The most concentrated forms of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are less bactericidal than the diluted forms of these alcohols.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  No free radicals are present in solution to kill the bacteria. 
B)  Only the dilutions can dissolve the lipopolysaccharide cell walls. 
C)  Proteins are not denatured readily in the absence of water. 
D)  Killing bacteria also requires the solution be heated, and it is difficult to heat concentrated alcohols because they are flammable. 
A)  No free radicals are present in solution to kill the bacteria. 
B)  Only the dilutions can dissolve the lipopolysaccharide cell walls. 
C)  Proteins are not denatured readily in the absence of water. 
D)  Killing bacteria also requires the solution be heated, and it is difficult to heat concentrated alcohols because they are flammable.

Question 10

All of the following organisms can typically cause infection from aerosolization of specimens EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
B)  Brucella spp. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Francisella tularensis 
A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
B)  Brucella spp. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Francisella tularensis

Question 11

This chemical is a saturated 5-carbon dialdehyde that has broad-spectrum activity,rapid killing action,and remains active in the presence of organic matter.

Accepted Answer

A)  Formalin 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Haloaldehyde 
D)  Glutaraldehyde 
A)  Formalin 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Haloaldehyde 
D)  Glutaraldehyde

Question 12

Alcohols use this mechanism to inactivate microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Denature proteins 
B)  Destroy DNA 
C)  Denature RNA 
D)  Inhibit cell wall synthesis 
A)  Denature proteins 
B)  Destroy DNA 
C)  Denature RNA 
D)  Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 13

The Biosafety Levels were categorized using all the following criteria EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacterial load necessary to cause infection 
B)  The organism's ability to cause serious illness 
C)  The organism's mode of transmission 
D)  Whether there is treatment available for an infection 
A)  The bacterial load necessary to cause infection 
B)  The organism's ability to cause serious illness 
C)  The organism's mode of transmission 
D)  Whether there is treatment available for an infection

Question 14

Pasteurization achieves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Disinfection 
B)  Sterilization 
C)  Asepsis 
D)  Filtration 
A)  Disinfection 
B)  Sterilization 
C)  Asepsis 
D)  Filtration

Question 15

Laboratory safety includes all the following areas EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Radioactivity 
B)  Chemical 
C)  Isolation 
D)  Fire 
A)  Radioactivity 
B)  Chemical 
C)  Isolation 
D)  Fire

Question 16

Organisms that are the most resistant to heat,chemicals,and radiation are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasites 
B)  Prions 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Viruses 
A)  Parasites 
B)  Prions 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Viruses

Question 17

What protective measures can a laboratory worker take when working with actively growing cultures to ensure that they do not become infected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ensure that fungal cultures are sealed and worked in a biosafety cabinet. 
B)  Wash their hands at the end of their shift. 
C)  Handle specimens routinely, using extra care for HIV and HBV cultures. 
D)  Take off bandages on fingers when reading plates. 
A)  Ensure that fungal cultures are sealed and worked in a biosafety cabinet. 
B)  Wash their hands at the end of their shift. 
C)  Handle specimens routinely, using extra care for HIV and HBV cultures. 
D)  Take off bandages on fingers when reading plates.

Question 18

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)requires the following safety training to be documented in an employee's record EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Proper storage of gases 
B)  Biosafety level training 
C)  Blood-borne pathogen training 
D)  Hazardous materials management 
A)  Proper storage of gases 
B)  Biosafety level training 
C)  Blood-borne pathogen training 
D)  Hazardous materials management

Question 19

Using two disinfectants to clean an area may actually do more harm than good.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two disinfectants may increase the amount of corrosion that occurs on a surface. 
B)  Two disinfectants may cause an adverse chemical reaction where a poisonous gas may be released. 
C)  When used together, two disinfectants may combine to sterilize a site instead of just disinfecting it. 
D)  Two disinfectants may inactivate one another's activity against microorganisms. 
A)  Two disinfectants may increase the amount of corrosion that occurs on a surface. 
B)  Two disinfectants may cause an adverse chemical reaction where a poisonous gas may be released. 
C)  When used together, two disinfectants may combine to sterilize a site instead of just disinfecting it. 
D)  Two disinfectants may inactivate one another's activity against microorganisms.

Question 20

Even though hypochlorites are inexpensive and have a broad range of microbes that they kill,they are not used as sterilants because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  The corrosive nature of the compound 
B)  The activation required by organic matter 
C)  Short exposure time for sporicidal action 
D)  Long exposure time for sporicidal action 
A)  The corrosive nature of the compound 
B)  The activation required by organic matter 
C)  Short exposure time for sporicidal action 
D)  Long exposure time for sporicidal action

Exam 4: Control of Microorganisms

The most common iodophor used in the United States for preoperative skin preparation is:

Technicians are doing the morning chemistry run.Once they load the specimens onto the instrument,they remove their gloves to do paperwork in a clean area of the laboratory.What should the technicians do after removing their gloves?

A Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1)level of containment is used for organisms that:

The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)defines hazardous waste as:

When killing microorganisms,you must take all the following into consideration EXCEPT:

Work Practice Controls consist of all of the following EXCEPT:

Category A bioterrorism agents:

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)requires laboratories to have this document to ensure that laboratory personnel have a thorough working knowledge of the hazards of the chemicals with which they work.

The most concentrated forms of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are less bactericidal than the diluted forms of these alcohols.Why?

All of the following organisms can typically cause infection from aerosolization of specimens EXCEPT:

This chemical is a saturated 5-carbon dialdehyde that has broad-spectrum activity,rapid killing action,and remains active in the presence of organic matter.

Alcohols use this mechanism to inactivate microorganisms.

The Biosafety Levels were categorized using all the following criteria EXCEPT:

Pasteurization achieves _____.

Laboratory safety includes all the following areas EXCEPT:

Organisms that are the most resistant to heat,chemicals,and radiation are:

What protective measures can a laboratory worker take when working with actively growing cultures to ensure that they do not become infected?

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)requires the following safety training to be documented in an employee's record EXCEPT:

Using two disinfectants to clean an area may actually do more harm than good.Why?

Even though hypochlorites are inexpensive and have a broad range of microbes that they kill,they are not used as sterilants because of:

Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Infected Materials

Use of Colonial Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio,aeromonas,plesiomonas and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

Spirochetes

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Other Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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