Exam 8: Trial Defense and Prosecution

__________ are alternatives to the formal criminal justice process,implemented after a suspect has been charged but prior to adjudication.

The rationale for the Speedy Trial Act is that the Sixth Amendment requires 'a speedy and public trial' and that delays in court often work against the interests of the accused,who may be in jail awaiting adjudication of the case.

A __________ represents accused persons in court proceedings.

When the charge is not pressed further,it is called __________.Such a decision is entirely within the prosecutor's discretion.

Courts adjudicate a large volume of cases each year,but the number is decreasing.

When defendants who take lives unlawfully are portrayed as victims,it is called a(n)___________.

Proposals to eliminate undesirable aspects of plea bargaining include __________.

Most prosecutors now recommend a wide range of 'intermediate sanctions' that involve neither incarceration nor probation.

How do states vary in how they pay for indigent defense? Please explain.

Plea bargaining appears to result from two overriding factors:

A defendant is entitled not only to legal counsel,but to effective counsel.

In 1970 the Supreme Court ruled that defendants are entitled to __________ assistance of counsel,but it is difficult to demonstrate that the outcome of a case would have been different without counsel's errors.

A growing court caseload,combined with high case mortality,reveals that most cases end in __________.

The dramatic growth in caseloads has placed tremendous strain on many courts.The situation was aggravated in 1974 when Congress passed the __________.This act requires that all criminal cases be brought to trial within one hundred days;if they are not,they will be dismissed.

The term __________ refers to case attrition,in which arrests do not result in convictions for various reasons.

In order to help pay for the costs of indigent defense,more than 80 percent of offender offices have some form of cost recoupment for public defender services.The most common fees involve __________.

The vast majority of public defender officers use formal criteria to determine if a defendant qualifies as indigent and is eligible for public representation.

Several cities use a(n)__________,in which the prosecutor,the defendant,the defendant's counsel,and the judge meet before a trial to discuss a plea.

__________ occurs when a prosecutor agrees to press a less serious charge,drop some charges,or recommend a less severe sentence if the defendant agrees to plead guilty.

A prosecuting attorney represents a jurisdiction (district or commonwealth)in bringing charges against accused persons arrested by the police.