Exam 11: Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

RESEARCH STUDY 11.2 (The first paragraph is repeated from earlier. The second paragraph is specific to the new set of questions. The first paragraph is necessary to set up the original study.) Dr. Elder was interested in the way people recognize objects as members of categories. For example, what makes us recognize a dog as being a dog and not a cat? More specifically, he was curious as to whether people think about categories in a more complex way if they contemplate an "opposite" category first. For example, does a person think more differently about the category of "southern" if they are also thinking about the category of "northern"? He is also curious as to whether people categorize differently if they are exposed to category members compared with generating category members. Dr. Elder has four groups of participants (with 30 people in each group). In Group A, participants were told to cut out pictures of dogs and cats from magazines. In Group B, participants were told to cut out pictures of just dogs from magazines. In Group C, participants were told to draw pictures of cats and dogs. In Group D, participants were told to draw pictures of just dogs. After doing this for 30 minutes, participants in all groups were asked to list the attributes that define the "dog" category. Having a higher number of attributes listed was considered to be an indication of thinking about the category in a more complex way. Dr. Elder also is curious as to whether categorization happens similarly for children as it does for adults. As such, he recruits a group of 10-year-olds and a group of 20-year-olds to participate in the study. The results are below. -Refer to Research Study 11.3 above to answer the following question. Using factorial notation,describe Dr.Lopez's study.Given this information,how many main effects and interactions will Dr.Lopez need to examine?

What are the two main reasons to conduct a factorial study?

Dr.Rhodes notices an interaction in his factorial study.In describing this,which statement might he use to explain the link between Independent Variable A and Independent Variable B in predicting the dependent variable?

RESEARCH STUDY 11.1 Dr. Elder was interested in the way people recognize objects as members of categories. For example, what makes us recognize a dog as being a dog and not a cat? More specifically, he was curious as to whether people think about categories in a more complex way if they contemplate an "opposite" category first. For example, does a person think differently about the category of "southern" if they are also thinking about the category of "northern"? He is also curious as to whether people categorize differently if they are exposed to category members compared with generating category members. Dr. Elder has four groups of participants (with 30 people in each group). In Group A, participants were told to cut out pictures of dogs and cats from magazines. In Group B, participants were told to cut out pictures of just dogs from magazines. In Group C, participants were told to draw pictures of cats and dogs. In Group D, participants were told to draw pictures of just dogs. After doing this for 30 minutes, participants in all groups were asked to list the attributes that define the "dog" category. Having a higher number of attributes listed was considered to be an indication of thinking about the category in a more complex way. The results of his study are below. -Refer to Research Study 11.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the following reasons is the most likely reason Dr.Elder conducted a factorial design?

Dr.Gavin is conducting a 2 x 4 independent-groups factorial design.How many interactions will Dr.Gavin need to examine?

When reading popular press articles,why does the inclusion of participant variable information often denote a factorial design?

Imagine that you are reading a journal article and you see the following sentence: "The study used a 2 x 2 x 4 design." Where are you likely to have encountered this sentence?

Imagine that you read the following passage in a journal article.Provide three pieces of information that this passage tells the reader about the study conducted. "A 3 x 4 within-subjects design was specified that varied color of paper (blue,pink,white)and font size (10pt,12pt,14pt,16pt).The time it took participants to read the printed word was measured."

RESEARCH STUDY 11.1 Dr. Elder was interested in the way people recognize objects as members of categories. For example, what makes us recognize a dog as being a dog and not a cat? More specifically, he was curious as to whether people think about categories in a more complex way if they contemplate an "opposite" category first. For example, does a person think differently about the category of "southern" if they are also thinking about the category of "northern"? He is also curious as to whether people categorize differently if they are exposed to category members compared with generating category members. Dr. Elder has four groups of participants (with 30 people in each group). In Group A, participants were told to cut out pictures of dogs and cats from magazines. In Group B, participants were told to cut out pictures of just dogs from magazines. In Group C, participants were told to draw pictures of cats and dogs. In Group D, participants were told to draw pictures of just dogs. After doing this for 30 minutes, participants in all groups were asked to list the attributes that define the "dog" category. Having a higher number of attributes listed was considered to be an indication of thinking about the category in a more complex way. The results of his study are below. -Refer to Research Study 11.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the following could be said of the focus of activity variable in Dr.Elder's study?

Provide two reasons a researcher would want to conduct a factorial study.