Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

To compensate for metabolic acidosis,the respiratory system increases breathing rate,which lowers the partial pressure of carbon dioxide below normal levels.

An accumulation of fluid in one area of the body,such that the fluid is not available for use elsewhere,is known as fluid _________.

Lactic acid,a product of metabolism,is considered a volatile acid.

The hormone ANP

In the brain ADH _______ the thirst center,and in the kidneys ADH causes an increase in water __________.

A diet rich in animal protein contributes to increased levels of

In the condition of volume excess,fluid gain involves

Insensible water loss is an example of facultative water loss.

The release of aldosterone is triggered by a decrease in blood plasma potassium levels.

In elderly individuals,75% of body weight is made up of fluid.

Angiotensin II triggers

When blood starts to become too acidic,the kidneys respond by

Diabetes mellitus,profuse sweating,and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase.

Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Changes in blood osmolarity that turn off the thirst center also increase the release of ADH from the pituitary gland.

Decreased stretch of baroreceptors within the aorta and carotid arteries results in stimulation of the hypothalamus;this stimulation increases ADH secretion.

The bicarbonate system is composed of H₂CO₃and HCO₃^-.Which statement accurately describes these molecules

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes __________ of afferent arterioles and _________ of mesangial cells.

An individual who consumes many antacids for stomach upset and many diuretics for high blood pressure will be at risk for metabolic