Question 1

The mechanism through which the amygdala modulates hippocampus-based learning may be related to the observation that

Accepted Answer

A) arousing stimuli decay less quickly than nonarousing stimuli do. 
B) arousing stimuli decay more quickly than nonarousing stimuli do. 
C) arousing stimuli are more likely to create interference effects. 
D) arousing stimuli are less likely to create interference effects. 
A) arousing stimuli decay less quickly than nonarousing stimuli do. 
B) arousing stimuli decay more quickly than nonarousing stimuli do. 
C) arousing stimuli are more likely to create interference effects. 
D) arousing stimuli are less likely to create interference effects. A

Question 2

A rat's performance on the Morris water maze, a test of spatial ability and memory, will be affected in what way by a lesion to the amygdala?

Accepted Answer

A) The rat will be impaired in learning all aspects of the water maze. 
B) The rat will not be impaired in a basic water maze task, but it will fail to show the stronger retention that would otherwise be expected if the task includes a physical stressor. 
C) The rat will be impaired in the basic aspects of the water maze task, but it will still show an improvement in retention if the task includes a physical stressor. 
D) The rat will be unimpaired in learning the water maze task because the amygdala is important only for the expression of previously learned conditioned responses. 
A) The rat will be impaired in learning all aspects of the water maze. 
B) The rat will not be impaired in a basic water maze task, but it will fail to show the stronger retention that would otherwise be expected if the task includes a physical stressor. 
C) The rat will be impaired in the basic aspects of the water maze task, but it will still show an improvement in retention if the task includes a physical stressor. 
D) The rat will be unimpaired in learning the water maze task because the amygdala is important only for the expression of previously learned conditioned responses. B

Question 3

Which of the following best describes our current understanding of the brain areas that process emotions?

Accepted Answer

A) The frontal cortex processes the most emotion, with emotional regulation coming from the limbic system and subcortical structures. 
B) The limbic system seems to be heavily involved in processing emotion, with contribution from other brain areas, particularly in frontal-medial cortical areas. 
C) The limbic system and Papez Circuit process emotion, with little known contribution from other brain areas 
D) In essence, the entire brain processes emotion in some way. 
A) The frontal cortex processes the most emotion, with emotional regulation coming from the limbic system and subcortical structures. 
B) The limbic system seems to be heavily involved in processing emotion, with contribution from other brain areas, particularly in frontal-medial cortical areas. 
C) The limbic system and Papez Circuit process emotion, with little known contribution from other brain areas 
D) In essence, the entire brain processes emotion in some way. B

Question 4

What are some functions of the amygdala in emotional processing? In your answer, describe two experiments that illustrate the conditions in which the amygdala does (or does not) play a role.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala plays a critical role in em

Question 5

Which area of the frontal lobe does NOT show increased activity in the cognitive control of emotion?

Accepted Answer

A) left lateral prefrontal cortex 
B) left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex 
C) left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
D) left rostromedial prefrontal cortex 
A) left lateral prefrontal cortex 
B) left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex 
C) left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
D) left rostromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes the distinction between affect, mood, and emotion?

Accepted Answer

A) Affect is the most general term of the three, and it includes emotions, which tend to be short-term and reactionary; moods tend to last longer than emotions. 
B) Affect is the most general term of the three, followed by emotions, which are unpredictable and volatile, followed by moods, which are more specific types of emotions. 
C) Emotions are the most general term of the three, and they incorporate both affect, which refers to the more specific emotions, and mood, which refers to the less specific emotions. 
D) Emotions, mood, and affect are all similar in scope, but emotions are more powerful than mood or affect. 
A) Affect is the most general term of the three, and it includes emotions, which tend to be short-term and reactionary; moods tend to last longer than emotions. 
B) Affect is the most general term of the three, followed by emotions, which are unpredictable and volatile, followed by moods, which are more specific types of emotions. 
C) Emotions are the most general term of the three, and they incorporate both affect, which refers to the more specific emotions, and mood, which refers to the less specific emotions. 
D) Emotions, mood, and affect are all similar in scope, but emotions are more powerful than mood or affect.

Question 7

Patient S.P., who had bilateral damage to the amygdala, participated in a study involving the pairing of a blue square with an electric shock. S.P.'s skin conductance response (SCR) and verbal report indicated that

Accepted Answer

A) she had an explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square and demonstrated an implicit fear-conditioning SCR response. 
B) she had an explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square but did not demonstrate any implicit fear-conditioning SCR response. 
C) she did not have any explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square but did demonstrate an implicit fear-conditioning SCR response. 
D) she did not have an explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square, nor did she demonstrate any implicit fear-conditioning SCR response. 
A) she had an explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square and demonstrated an implicit fear-conditioning SCR response. 
B) she had an explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square but did not demonstrate any implicit fear-conditioning SCR response. 
C) she did not have any explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square but did demonstrate an implicit fear-conditioning SCR response. 
D) she did not have an explicit expectation that the shock would occur after seeing the blue square, nor did she demonstrate any implicit fear-conditioning SCR response.

Question 8

Describe the brain areas involved in love. Is this brain activity similar to or different from that observed in other emotions? Provide evidence to support your view.

Accepted Answer

The brain areas involved in love include

Question 9

One pathway through which information about unconditioned or conditioned stimuli reaches the amygdala is known as the "high road" and has a cortical component.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Describe the role of the insula in emotion.

Accepted Answer

The insula is a region of the brain that

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the role of the amygdala in explicit emotional learning?

Accepted Answer

A) The amygdala performs a modulatory role in declarative memory. 
B) The amygdala is thought to enhance explicit memory retrieval in the hippocampus. 
C) The amygdala is thought to enhance the initial encoding of explicit memories. 
D) The amygdala is primarily involved in implicit, not explicit, emotional learning. 
A) The amygdala performs a modulatory role in declarative memory. 
B) The amygdala is thought to enhance explicit memory retrieval in the hippocampus. 
C) The amygdala is thought to enhance the initial encoding of explicit memories. 
D) The amygdala is primarily involved in implicit, not explicit, emotional learning.

Question 12

How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact in learning and memory? Under what conditions will the amygdala play a role in hippocampus-based learning? Under what conditions will it not?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus and amygdala both play c

Question 13

One of the two pathways of the amygdala is known as the "high road." This pathway can be characterized as _________ and involves a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) "slow and analytical"; direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala 
B) "slow and analytical"; project to the cortex 
C) "quick and dirty"; direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala 
D) "quick and dirty"; projection to the cortex 
A) "slow and analytical"; direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala 
B) "slow and analytical"; project to the cortex 
C) "quick and dirty"; direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala 
D) "quick and dirty"; projection to the cortex

Question 14

Which of the following is typically true of people with bilateral damage to the amygdala?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not produce a full range of facial expressions. 
B) They are like controls in their implicit and explicit reactions to race. 
C) They are unable to recognize emotional prosody. 
D) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) They do not produce a full range of facial expressions. 
B) They are like controls in their implicit and explicit reactions to race. 
C) They are unable to recognize emotional prosody. 
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of emotions?

Accepted Answer

A) a physiological reaction to a stimulus 
B) similarity to moods 
C) a feeling 
D) a behavioral response 
A) a physiological reaction to a stimulus 
B) similarity to moods 
C) a feeling 
D) a behavioral response

Question 16

Fear conditioning is a more specific instance of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) explicit memory. 
D) semantic memory. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) explicit memory. 
D) semantic memory.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and indirect evaluations of racial bias?

Accepted Answer

A) White participants who show greater amygdala activity during the presentation of black faces tend to have stronger racial bias as measured by an implicit behavioral task. 
B) People with bilateral amygdala damage do not show evidence of a racial bias on implicit behavioral tasks. 
C) "White participants who show greater amygdala activity during the presentation of black faces tend to have stronger racial bias as measured by an implicit behavioral task" and "people with bilateral amygdala damage do not show evidence of a racial bias on implicit behavioral tasks" are both correct answers. 
D) Neither "white participants who show greater amygdala activity during the presentation of black faces tend to have stronger racial bias as measured by an implicit behavioral task" nor "people with bilateral amygdala damage do not show evidence of a racial bias on implicit behavioral tasks" is a correct answer. 
A) White participants who show greater amygdala activity during the presentation of black faces tend to have stronger racial bias as measured by an implicit behavioral task. 
B) People with bilateral amygdala damage do not show evidence of a racial bias on implicit behavioral tasks. 
C) "White participants who show greater amygdala activity during the presentation of black faces tend to have stronger racial bias as measured by an implicit behavioral task" and "people with bilateral amygdala damage do not show evidence of a racial bias on implicit behavioral tasks" are both correct answers. 
D) Neither "white participants who show greater amygdala activity during the presentation of black faces tend to have stronger racial bias as measured by an implicit behavioral task" nor "people with bilateral amygdala damage do not show evidence of a racial bias on implicit behavioral tasks" is a correct answer.

Question 18

Are there hemispheric differences in emotional regulation? Describe evidence to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Yes, there are hemispheric differences i

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and emotional learning?

Accepted Answer

A) The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses, regardless of whether the initial learning was implicit or explicit. 
B) The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses only when the initial learning was implicit. 
C) The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses only when the initial learning was explicit. 
D) The amygdala does not play a role in the expression of fear responses but does play a role in their acquisition. 
A) The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses, regardless of whether the initial learning was implicit or explicit. 
B) The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses only when the initial learning was implicit. 
C) The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses only when the initial learning was explicit. 
D) The amygdala does not play a role in the expression of fear responses but does play a role in their acquisition.

Question 20

Which of the following outcomes is MOST likely to be produced by the information gleaned from studies using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and 7-tesla scanning (7T) technology to better elucidate the neural structures associated with different emotional states?

Accepted Answer

A) All emotions are essentially processed by the same brain regions, but with different degrees of activation corresponding to different emotions. 
B) Each emotion is processed by a particular area of the brain. 
C) Each emotion is processed by a network of brain regions, and these networks are each distinct from each other. 
D) Each emotion is processed by a network of brain regions, some of which overlap with many other emotions, and some of which overlap with few or no other emotions. 
A) All emotions are essentially processed by the same brain regions, but with different degrees of activation corresponding to different emotions. 
B) Each emotion is processed by a particular area of the brain. 
C) Each emotion is processed by a network of brain regions, and these networks are each distinct from each other. 
D) Each emotion is processed by a network of brain regions, some of which overlap with many other emotions, and some of which overlap with few or no other emotions.

The mechanism through which the amygdala modulates hippocampus-based learning may be related to the observation that

A rat's performance on the Morris water maze, a test of spatial ability and memory, will be affected in what way by a lesion to the amygdala?

Which of the following best describes our current understanding of the brain areas that process emotions?

What are some functions of the amygdala in emotional processing? In your answer, describe two experiments that illustrate the conditions in which the amygdala does (or does not) play a role.

Which area of the frontal lobe does NOT show increased activity in the cognitive control of emotion?

Which of the following statements best describes the distinction between affect, mood, and emotion?

Patient S.P., who had bilateral damage to the amygdala, participated in a study involving the pairing of a blue square with an electric shock. S.P.'s skin conductance response (SCR) and verbal report indicated that

Describe the brain areas involved in love. Is this brain activity similar to or different from that observed in other emotions? Provide evidence to support your view.

One pathway through which information about unconditioned or conditioned stimuli reaches the amygdala is known as the "high road" and has a cortical component.

Describe the role of the insula in emotion.

Which of the following is true about the role of the amygdala in explicit emotional learning?

How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact in learning and memory? Under what conditions will the amygdala play a role in hippocampus-based learning? Under what conditions will it not?

One of the two pathways of the amygdala is known as the "high road." This pathway can be characterized as _ and involves a .

Which of the following is typically true of people with bilateral damage to the amygdala?

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of emotions?

Fear conditioning is a more specific instance of

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and indirect evaluations of racial bias?

Are there hemispheric differences in emotional regulation? Describe evidence to support your answer.

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and emotional learning?

Which of the following outcomes is MOST likely to be produced by the information gleaned from studies using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and 7-tesla scanning (7T) technology to better elucidate the neural structures associated with different emotional states?

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

Hemispheric Specialization

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

Attention

Action

Memory

Language

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

The Consciousness Problem

Filters

Exam 10: Emotion

The mechanism through which the amygdala modulates hippocampus-based learning may be related to the observation that

A rat's performance on the Morris water maze, a test of spatial ability and memory, will be affected in what way by a lesion to the amygdala?

Which of the following best describes our current understanding of the brain areas that process emotions?

What are some functions of the amygdala in emotional processing? In your answer, describe two experiments that illustrate the conditions in which the amygdala does (or does not) play a role.

Which area of the frontal lobe does NOT show increased activity in the cognitive control of emotion?

Which of the following statements best describes the distinction between affect, mood, and emotion?

Patient S.P., who had bilateral damage to the amygdala, participated in a study involving the pairing of a blue square with an electric shock. S.P.'s skin conductance response (SCR) and verbal report indicated that

Describe the brain areas involved in love. Is this brain activity similar to or different from that observed in other emotions? Provide evidence to support your view.

One pathway through which information about unconditioned or conditioned stimuli reaches the amygdala is known as the "high road" and has a cortical component.

Describe the role of the insula in emotion.

Which of the following is true about the role of the amygdala in explicit emotional learning?

How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact in learning and memory? Under what conditions will the amygdala play a role in hippocampus-based learning? Under what conditions will it not?

One of the two pathways of the amygdala is known as the "high road." This pathway can be characterized as _________ and involves a ________.

Which of the following is typically true of people with bilateral damage to the amygdala?

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of emotions?

Fear conditioning is a more specific instance of

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and indirect evaluations of racial bias?

Are there hemispheric differences in emotional regulation? Describe evidence to support your answer.

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and emotional learning?

Which of the following outcomes is MOST likely to be produced by the information gleaned from studies using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and 7-tesla scanning (7T) technology to better elucidate the neural structures associated with different emotional states?

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

Hemispheric Specialization

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

Attention

Action

Memory

Language

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

The Consciousness Problem

Filters

One of the two pathways of the amygdala is known as the "high road." This pathway can be characterized as _ and involves a .