Question 1

If Trall, the friendly Neanderthal, is born with a genetic mutation, what will happen to Trall in an evolutionary sense?

Accepted Answer

A) Trall will die, and will be unable to pass the mutation on to subsequent generations. 
B) The mutation may be either beneficial, in which case Trall's fitness may be enhanced, or the mutation may be deleterious, in which case it would be selected against due to Trall's reduced fitness. 
C) Trall may live a normal life, but a mutation is a temporary genetic anomaly so it cannot be spread to others in the population. 
D) Mutations are part of the phenotype, not the genotype, so they won't impact Trall's fitness. 
A) Trall will die, and will be unable to pass the mutation on to subsequent generations. 
B) The mutation may be either beneficial, in which case Trall's fitness may be enhanced, or the mutation may be deleterious, in which case it would be selected against due to Trall's reduced fitness. 
C) Trall may live a normal life, but a mutation is a temporary genetic anomaly so it cannot be spread to others in the population. 
D) Mutations are part of the phenotype, not the genotype, so they won't impact Trall's fitness.

Question 2

Drug 8K43 is a stimulant drug that acts by blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the nervous system. This means that dopamine stays in the synapse longer and continues to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron. Based on this information, what can we infer about the effects of dopamine on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) It produces excitatory postsynaptic potentials. 
B) It blocks the receptor channels in the postsynaptic neuron. 
C) It cancels out excitatory potentials generated by other neurons. 
D) It reduces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. 
A) It produces excitatory postsynaptic potentials. 
B) It blocks the receptor channels in the postsynaptic neuron. 
C) It cancels out excitatory potentials generated by other neurons. 
D) It reduces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.

Question 3

What is an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron 
B) the small gap that exists between adjacent neurons 
C) the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information 
D) an electrical signal that travels along the dendrites of a neuron 
A) an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron 
B) the small gap that exists between adjacent neurons 
C) the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information 
D) an electrical signal that travels along the dendrites of a neuron

Question 4

What is the distinction between afferent and efferent nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) Afferent nerves take information to the central nervous system, while efferent nerves take information out from the central nervous system. 
B) Afferent nerves are motor neurons while efferent nerves are sensory neurons. 
C) Afferent nerves are in the peripheral nervous system, while efferent nerves are in the central nervous system. 
D) Afferent nerves take information to the muscles, while efferent nerves take information to the central nervous system. 
A) Afferent nerves take information to the central nervous system, while efferent nerves take information out from the central nervous system. 
B) Afferent nerves are motor neurons while efferent nerves are sensory neurons. 
C) Afferent nerves are in the peripheral nervous system, while efferent nerves are in the central nervous system. 
D) Afferent nerves take information to the muscles, while efferent nerves take information to the central nervous system.

Question 5

What are the protective membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A) meninges 
B) cerebrospinal sheaths 
C) ventricles 
D) glia 
A) meninges 
B) cerebrospinal sheaths 
C) ventricles 
D) glia

Question 6

Compare and contrast the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Accepted Answer

Both are internal communication systems;

Question 7

Dr. Athorp has just discovered a new drug named P3X that is an agonist for GABA. What effects will this drug likely have?

Accepted Answer

A) hallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns 
B) general stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate 
C) a reduction in pain and a sense of euphoria 
D) anxiety reduction and general relaxation 
A) hallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns 
B) general stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate 
C) a reduction in pain and a sense of euphoria 
D) anxiety reduction and general relaxation

Question 8

Which part of the body would be most directly affected if the left hemisphere of the brain were damaged?

Accepted Answer

A) left half 
B) right half 
C) upper portion 
D) lower portion 
A) left half 
B) right half 
C) upper portion 
D) lower portion

Question 9

Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body's own endorphins. What effect, then, do opiate drugs have?

Accepted Answer

A) They increase anxiety and agitation. 
B) They inhibit all sensations. 
C) They produce insomnia. 
D) They relieve pain. 
A) They increase anxiety and agitation. 
B) They inhibit all sensations. 
C) They produce insomnia. 
D) They relieve pain.

Question 10

What do we call an inherited characteristic that, through natural selection, increases in a population because it helps to solve a survival problem at the time it emerges?

Accepted Answer

A) dominant gene 
B) genetic mutation 
C) adaptation 
D) homozygous pairing 
A) dominant gene 
B) genetic mutation 
C) adaptation 
D) homozygous pairing

Question 11

Choose a specific neurotransmitter or class of neurotransmitters and discuss its impact on behaviour.

Accepted Answer

•Acetylcholine: The only neurotransmitte

Question 12

What type of fluid nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion for it?

Accepted Answer

A) parasympathetic 
B) cerebrospinal 
C) amniotic 
D) somatic 
A) parasympathetic 
B) cerebrospinal 
C) amniotic 
D) somatic

Question 13

What is a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) an enzyme produced by the hypothalamus 
B) a chemical stored in the synapse 
C) a neurotransmitter that crosses into the bloodstream 
D) a chemical secreted into the blood by a gland 
A) an enzyme produced by the hypothalamus 
B) a chemical stored in the synapse 
C) a neurotransmitter that crosses into the bloodstream 
D) a chemical secreted into the blood by a gland

Question 14

If you sent the word "banana" to a split-brain patient's left hemisphere and the word "cucumber" to his right hemisphere, which of the following would he be able to name verbally?

Accepted Answer

A) both items 
B) neither item 
C) only the banana 
D) only the cucumber 
A) both items 
B) neither item 
C) only the banana 
D) only the cucumber

Question 15

Four sisters were all raised in the same household by parents who are very creative and artistic. Anna and Betty are the biological children of their parents, while Cassie and Deanna were adopted as infants into the family. Like their parents, Anna and Betty are artistically inclined and enjoy working on creative projects. Cassie and Deanna are not particularly interested in artistic endeavours even though they've received a lot of exposure to art and a lot of encouragement for creative work. Which of the following conclusions would be reasonable if this pattern occurred in a variety of similar families?

Accepted Answer

A) Environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors in artistic interest. 
B) Both genetic and environmental factors contribute equally to artistic interest. 
C) Genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors in artistic interest. 
D) Neither genetic nor environmental factors contribute to artistic interest. 
A) Environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors in artistic interest. 
B) Both genetic and environmental factors contribute equally to artistic interest. 
C) Genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors in artistic interest. 
D) Neither genetic nor environmental factors contribute to artistic interest.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A) binding, synthesis, release, inactivation, reuptake 
B) synthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptake 
C) synthesis, binding, release, reuptake, inactivation 
D) release, synthesis, binding, reuptake, inactivation 
A) binding, synthesis, release, inactivation, reuptake 
B) synthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptake 
C) synthesis, binding, release, reuptake, inactivation 
D) release, synthesis, binding, reuptake, inactivation

Question 17

What does an agonist do?

Accepted Answer

A) It extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmission. 
B) It blocks the action of neurotransmitters. 
C) It mimics the action of a neurotransmitter. 
D) It prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters. 
A) It extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmission. 
B) It blocks the action of neurotransmitters. 
C) It mimics the action of a neurotransmitter. 
D) It prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters.

Question 18

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Accepted Answer

A) the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems 
B) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems 
C) the body's sensory and motor neurons 
D) the brain and the spinal cord 
A) the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems 
B) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems 
C) the body's sensory and motor neurons 
D) the brain and the spinal cord

Question 19

Fiona puts her hands into a sinkful of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a sinkful of ice-cold water. What should we predict about each of their action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A) Fiona's will be weaker because the stimulus is less intense. 
B) Luke's will travel a shorter distance because the stimulus is more intense. 
C) Their action potentials will be the same due to the all-or-none principle. 
D) Their action potentials will be distinguished by the amount of inhibition. 
A) Fiona's will be weaker because the stimulus is less intense. 
B) Luke's will travel a shorter distance because the stimulus is more intense. 
C) Their action potentials will be the same due to the all-or-none principle. 
D) Their action potentials will be distinguished by the amount of inhibition.

Question 20

Where do "pleasure centres" in the brain appear to be most heavily concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) brainstem 
B) corpus callosum 
C) endocrine system 
D) limbic system 
A) brainstem 
B) corpus callosum 
C) endocrine system 
D) limbic system

Exam 3: A:The Biological Bases of Behaviour

If Trall, the friendly Neanderthal, is born with a genetic mutation, what will happen to Trall in an evolutionary sense?

What is an action potential?

What is the distinction between afferent and efferent nerves?

What are the protective membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?

Compare and contrast the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Dr. Athorp has just discovered a new drug named P3X that is an agonist for GABA. What effects will this drug likely have?

Which part of the body would be most directly affected if the left hemisphere of the brain were damaged?

Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body's own endorphins. What effect, then, do opiate drugs have?

What do we call an inherited characteristic that, through natural selection, increases in a population because it helps to solve a survival problem at the time it emerges?

Choose a specific neurotransmitter or class of neurotransmitters and discuss its impact on behaviour.

What type of fluid nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion for it?

What is a hormone?

If you sent the word "banana" to a split-brain patient's left hemisphere and the word "cucumber" to his right hemisphere, which of the following would he be able to name verbally?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic transmission?

What does an agonist do?

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Fiona puts her hands into a sinkful of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a sinkful of ice-cold water. What should we predict about each of their action potentials?

Where do "pleasure centres" in the brain appear to be most heavily concentrated?

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

A: Language and Thought

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

Appendix B: Statistical Methods

Appendix C: Industrialorganizational Psychology

Appendix D: Evaluating the Quality of Web-Based Resources

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