Exam 8: A: Language and Thought

You are listening to two-year-old Annie as she says "No eat. No like." She is trying to let you know that she is not going to eat her broccoli because she doesn't like it. What does Annie's communication illustrate?

Which sort of basic problem does Jesse have to solve when he is confronted with a marble that he can't reach?

Which component of language allows you to recognize that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings?

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

Consider two job offers in the same city. One salary is $80 000, in a company where the average salary is $100 000. The other salary is $70 000 in a company where the average salary is $50 000? How would each job be rated if people were rating each of these job offers independently (not comparing them to each other)?

In attempting to solve the "nine dot problem" many individuals will not attempt to draw a line outside the imaginary boundary surrounding the nine dots. This is not a rule associated with the problem, but is imposed by the problem solver. What is this an example of?

What is the benefit of using "fast and frugal heuristics"?

Malcolm has been watching a roulette-type game at a local charity bazaar. The game has only ten numbers on the wheel, and every number except 8 has come up as a winner during the last 15 minutes. Malcolm decides to bet $10 on number 8, because it has to come up eventually. What has influenced Malcolm's choice in this case?

Which component of spoken language are morphemes the smallest unit of?

Michiko lives in Japan and Krystal, Michiko's pen pal, lives in Canada. Based on the research by Nisbett and his colleagues into cultural differences in cognitive styles, which styles should you predict that each person will tend to use?

Here is an example of a question: Glove is to hand as sock is to _____. What type of question is this?

Greeno's basic categories of problems were described in your text. Which category are series-completion problems examples of?

What do people focus on if they are using an analytic cognitive style?

Seamus heard of and ate ice cream for the first time yesterday. All day today he has been asking for ice cream. What does this example illustrate?

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. What has Claudia done in this case?

What is the connotation of a word?

Jenna is 14 months old and uses only "bottle," "no," "up," "bye-bye," "mama," and "dada" when she talks. However, when her father tells Jenna to get her blue bunny from the bedroom and bring it to him, Jenna quickly runs to get the bunny. What does this example illustrate?

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive activity?

Which type of theory best accounts for the apparent rapidity and ease of language acquisition in early childhood?

By what age do children generally master linguistic concepts like plural, or past-tense?