Question 1

What would an evolutionary psychologist say about Trevor's physiological responses to the frightening experience of being bitten?

Accepted Answer

A) Fight or flight responses are adaptations that evolved through natural selection. 
B) The increase in heart rate is caused by an overactive hypothalamus. 
C) Such responses put Trevor at risk for developing an anxiety disorder. 
D) Fight or flight responses are a maladaptive consequence of exposure to danger. 
A) Fight or flight responses are adaptations that evolved through natural selection. 
B) The increase in heart rate is caused by an overactive hypothalamus. 
C) Such responses put Trevor at risk for developing an anxiety disorder. 
D) Fight or flight responses are a maladaptive consequence of exposure to danger.

Question 2

Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A) neuromodulators 
B) dendrites 
C) myelin sheaths 
D) terminal buttons 
A) neuromodulators 
B) dendrites 
C) myelin sheaths 
D) terminal buttons

Question 3

What do we call the space between a terminal button and a dendrite?

Accepted Answer

A) the transmission gap 
B) the midsynaptic potential range 
C) the synaptic cleft 
D) the neuromodulator 
A) the transmission gap 
B) the midsynaptic potential range 
C) the synaptic cleft 
D) the neuromodulator

Question 4

What does the endocrine system do?

Accepted Answer

A) It connects the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain. 
B) It secretes hormones. 
C) It manufactures myelin. 
D) It forms the basis of reflexive behaviours. 
A) It connects the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain. 
B) It secretes hormones. 
C) It manufactures myelin. 
D) It forms the basis of reflexive behaviours.

Question 5

If brain damage is suspected, which of the following methods is most likely to be used to assess the damage?

Accepted Answer

A) electroencephalograph 
B) lesioning 
C) electrocardiograph 
D) electrode implantation 
A) electroencephalograph 
B) lesioning 
C) electrocardiograph 
D) electrode implantation

Question 6

Which of the following features do all of the studies highlighting the possible importance of early experience in animals have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) The researchers used very small samples. 
B) They used species that cannot be logically compared to humans. 
C) They used relatively crude measures of brain growth. 
D) They used extreme conditions to make their comparisons. 
A) The researchers used very small samples. 
B) They used species that cannot be logically compared to humans. 
C) They used relatively crude measures of brain growth. 
D) They used extreme conditions to make their comparisons.

Question 7

What is a good analogy for the way in which a neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites?

Accepted Answer

A) the lowering of a drawbridge 
B) a key fitting in a lock 
C) the pulling of a gun trigger 
D) the opening and closing of a window 
A) the lowering of a drawbridge 
B) a key fitting in a lock 
C) the pulling of a gun trigger 
D) the opening and closing of a window

Question 8

Human characteristics-like eye colour, personality, height, and intelligence-are influenced by genes. How many genes are typically involved in most human characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) a single gene 
B) a single pair of genes 
C) more than one pair of genes 
D) genes on all 23 chromosomes 
A) a single gene 
B) a single pair of genes 
C) more than one pair of genes 
D) genes on all 23 chromosomes

Question 9

What do we call an egg that has just been fertilized by a sperm?

Accepted Answer

A) gene 
B) fetus 
C) chromosome 
D) zygote 
A) gene 
B) fetus 
C) chromosome 
D) zygote

Question 10

Emma has multiple sclerosis. What would you likely find if you could view her nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) a reduction in the number of chloride ions in her peripheral nervous system 
B) areas where the myelin sheath has degenerated 
C) areas where the dendrites are severely damaged 
D) a lack of neurotransmitters in some neurons 
A) a reduction in the number of chloride ions in her peripheral nervous system 
B) areas where the myelin sheath has degenerated 
C) areas where the dendrites are severely damaged 
D) a lack of neurotransmitters in some neurons

Question 11

Uma just caught sight of a red hummingbird. The neural impulses from her eye will eventually travel to her occipital lobe, but which brain area must they first pass through?

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus 
B) reticular formation 
C) hypothalamus 
D) amygdala 
A) thalamus 
B) reticular formation 
C) hypothalamus 
D) amygdala

Question 12

Through which type of nerves does the brain send messages to the skeletal muscles in the legs when you are walking?

Accepted Answer

A) central 
B) afferent 
C) efferent 
D) sensory 
A) central 
B) afferent 
C) efferent 
D) sensory

Question 13

Which technique results in effects that are similar to that of lesioning?

Accepted Answer

A) stereotaxic plotting (STP) 
B) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
C) electrical stimulation of the brain (ES
B)  
D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
A) stereotaxic plotting (STP) 
B) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
C) electrical stimulation of the brain (ES
B)  
D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 14

Gaspar was a world-class diver until he hit his head on the diving board during one of his dives. He now has difficulty coordinating the movements required for various tucks and rotations. Which of the following areas of Gaspar's brain is likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

A) temporal lobe 
B) reticular formation 
C) cerebellum 
D) amygdala 
A) temporal lobe 
B) reticular formation 
C) cerebellum 
D) amygdala

Question 15

What will be difficult for you if you experience damage to Broca's area?

Accepted Answer

A) controlling your arms and legs 
B) being creative 
C) hearing 
D) speaking 
A) controlling your arms and legs 
B) being creative 
C) hearing 
D) speaking

Question 16

Which of the following is associated with the fastest neural impulses?

Accepted Answer

A) unmyelinated dendrites 
B) myelinated axons 
C) shorter axons 
D) multiple dendrites 
A) unmyelinated dendrites 
B) myelinated axons 
C) shorter axons 
D) multiple dendrites

Question 17

Garrett has a chronic disease that is slowly destroying the cells that produce serotonin in his brain. Which of the following will likely happen to Garrett as his disease progresses?

Accepted Answer

A) His memory will gradually worsen. 
B) He will start to show signs of Parkinson's disease. 
C) His sleeping and waking cycles will be disrupted. 
D) He will begin to experience symptoms of schizophrenia. 
A) His memory will gradually worsen. 
B) He will start to show signs of Parkinson's disease. 
C) His sleeping and waking cycles will be disrupted. 
D) He will begin to experience symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 18

Which of the following research techniques is least likely to be used to study the human brain?

Accepted Answer

A) electrical stimulation 
B) cortex mapping 
C) lesioning 
D) recording electrical signals with an EEG 
A) electrical stimulation 
B) cortex mapping 
C) lesioning 
D) recording electrical signals with an EEG

Question 19

What happens when sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) The neuron returns to its resting potential. 
B) The axon hillock becomes inactivated. 
C) The likelihood of an action potential is unchanged. 
D) The likelihood of an action potential increases 
A) The neuron returns to its resting potential. 
B) The axon hillock becomes inactivated. 
C) The likelihood of an action potential is unchanged. 
D) The likelihood of an action potential increases

Question 20

Some individuals reach puberty before others. Which glands would be important to examine if you wished to explore the role of the endocrine system in producing these differences?

Accepted Answer

A) sebaceous glands 
B) pancreas 
C) thyroid glands 
D) gonads 
A) sebaceous glands 
B) pancreas 
C) thyroid glands 
D) gonads

Exam 3: A:The Biological Bases of Behaviour

What would an evolutionary psychologist say about Trevor's physiological responses to the frightening experience of being bitten?

Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?

What do we call the space between a terminal button and a dendrite?

What does the endocrine system do?

If brain damage is suspected, which of the following methods is most likely to be used to assess the damage?

Which of the following features do all of the studies highlighting the possible importance of early experience in animals have in common?

What is a good analogy for the way in which a neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites?

Human characteristics-like eye colour, personality, height, and intelligence-are influenced by genes. How many genes are typically involved in most human characteristics?

What do we call an egg that has just been fertilized by a sperm?

Emma has multiple sclerosis. What would you likely find if you could view her nervous system?

Uma just caught sight of a red hummingbird. The neural impulses from her eye will eventually travel to her occipital lobe, but which brain area must they first pass through?

Through which type of nerves does the brain send messages to the skeletal muscles in the legs when you are walking?

Which technique results in effects that are similar to that of lesioning?

Gaspar was a world-class diver until he hit his head on the diving board during one of his dives. He now has difficulty coordinating the movements required for various tucks and rotations. Which of the following areas of Gaspar's brain is likely damaged?

What will be difficult for you if you experience damage to Broca's area?

Which of the following is associated with the fastest neural impulses?

Garrett has a chronic disease that is slowly destroying the cells that produce serotonin in his brain. Which of the following will likely happen to Garrett as his disease progresses?

Which of the following research techniques is least likely to be used to study the human brain?

What happens when sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into a neuron?

Some individuals reach puberty before others. Which glands would be important to examine if you wished to explore the role of the endocrine system in producing these differences?

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

A: Language and Thought

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

Appendix B: Statistical Methods

Appendix C: Industrialorganizational Psychology

Appendix D: Evaluating the Quality of Web-Based Resources

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