Question 1

Societies whose means of subsistence are based on agricultural production (crop growing) are called ________ societies.

Accepted Answer

A)  pastoral 
B)  urban 
C)  agrarian 
D)  industrialized 
A)  pastoral 
B)  urban 
C)  agrarian 
D)  industrialized C

Question 2

Shannon notes that women in some cultures voluntarily alter their bodies with sometimes painful piercings that, in her opinion, look weird. Based on this, Shannon decides that women in those cultures must be horribly oppressed compared with women in her own culture. Shannon's position might be best interpreted as:

Accepted Answer

A)  social psychological. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  cultural relativism. 
D)  historical materialism. 
A)  social psychological. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  cultural relativism. 
D)  historical materialism. B

Question 3

In three to five sentences, please define subcultures and explain why they are important for sociological studies. Please include at least one or two examples of subcultures in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Students might mention that smaller societies tend to be culturally uniform, whereas larger societies, particularly industrial societies, are composites of many cultures. Subcultures, then, are those composites that are different from what a given society's mainstream culture is. Sociologists believe that subcultures are important for study because they are a constituent part of our larger societies. Further, studies of subcultures can show us where social antagonisms might arise (the textbook mentions, for example, colonization and immigration). Similarly, studies of subcultures allow us to investigate processes such as assimilation or resistance strategies that some subcultures might deploy.

Question 4

________ refer to abstract ideals in a given society.

Accepted Answer

A)  Norms 
B)  Material goods 
C)  Values 
D)  Folkways 
A)  Norms 
B)  Material goods 
C)  Values 
D)  Folkways

Question 5

________ occur(s) when members of one cultural group borrow elements of another group's culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethnocentrism 
B)  Cultural appropriation 
C)  Cultural materialism 
D)  Sanctions 
A)  Ethnocentrism 
B)  Cultural appropriation 
C)  Cultural materialism 
D)  Sanctions

Question 6

Sociologists often refer to less-developed societies, in which industrial production is either virtually nonexistent or developed only to a limited degree, as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the developing world. 
B)  core nations. 
C)  emerging societies. 
D)  nontraditionalist societies. 
A)  the developing world. 
B)  core nations. 
C)  emerging societies. 
D)  nontraditionalist societies.

Question 7

Rosa notes in her comparative historical research that one group she studied was sedentary but was not fully industrialized and relied primarily on crops as its means of livelihood. This group would best be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  pastoral. 
B)  agrarian. 
C)  industrial. 
D)  hunter-gatherer. 
A)  pastoral. 
B)  agrarian. 
C)  industrial. 
D)  hunter-gatherer.

Question 8

Societies whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals are called ________ societies.

Accepted Answer

A)  agrarian 
B)  industrialized 
C)  postmodern 
D)  pastoral 
A)  agrarian 
B)  industrialized 
C)  postmodern 
D)  pastoral

Question 9

In a couple of sentences, please explain the concept of cultural relativism and some possible benefits and pitfalls of it.

Accepted Answer

The book defines cultural relativism as

Question 10

According to the Chapter, compared with larger societies-particularly modern societies, such as the United States-most hunting and gathering groups are:

Accepted Answer

A)  egalitarian. 
B)  brutish. 
C)  industrialized. 
D)  authoritarian. 
A)  egalitarian. 
B)  brutish. 
C)  industrialized. 
D)  authoritarian.

Question 11

________ might be defined as judging other cultures in terms of the standards of one's own.

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiculturalism 
B)  Ethnocentrism 
C)  Cultural relativism 
D)  Assimilation 
A)  Multiculturalism 
B)  Ethnocentrism 
C)  Cultural relativism 
D)  Assimilation

Question 12

In a couple of sentences, please answer the following question: Are developing countries merely societies that have lagged behind the more industrialized areas? In your answer, talk about colonialism and the impact of the globalized economy on developing nations.

Accepted Answer

Students should mention the role of colo

Question 13

In a short paragraph, please explain the role that globalization has played in the transformation of our world. Has it resulted in the homogenization of the world's diverse cultures, the flourishing of many individual cultures, or both? Give concrete examples, making sure to cite examples from the textbook.

Accepted Answer

Students should mention the role of tech

Question 14

Simone de Beauvoir once famously asserted that "one is not born a woman, but becomes one," to suggest that women are created by cultural forces. How might sociobiologists respond to this?

Accepted Answer

A)  De Beauvoir does not account for the role of industrialization in creating the category of woman. 
B)  De Beauvoir misses that what constitutes a woman is biological as well as cultural. 
C)  De Beauvoir fails to show how the category of woman is purely an effect of economics. 
D)  De Beauvoir is correct because our biology determines our culture. 
A)  De Beauvoir does not account for the role of industrialization in creating the category of woman. 
B)  De Beauvoir misses that what constitutes a woman is biological as well as cultural. 
C)  De Beauvoir fails to show how the category of woman is purely an effect of economics. 
D)  De Beauvoir is correct because our biology determines our culture.

Question 15

Frank notices that at some point in relatively recent times, humans in some places began using machines powered by non-human means, such as steam and coal. Frank is noting what process?

Accepted Answer

A)  democratization 
B)  civilization 
C)  industrialization 
D)  state formation 
A)  democratization 
B)  civilization 
C)  industrialization 
D)  state formation

Question 16

Jia Yin notes that in many countries, industrial development is, more or less, nonexistent. She is taking note of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  urban core. 
B)  emerging of society. 
C)  industrializing of countries. 
D)  developing world. 
A)  urban core. 
B)  emerging of society. 
C)  industrializing of countries. 
D)  developing world.

Question 17

Deric studies Singapore and the process through which it has begun developing a strong industrial base. It might be said that he is studying:

Accepted Answer

A)  an emerging economy. 
B)  the sequestration of human experience. 
C)  micro-finance. 
D)  core countries. 
A)  an emerging economy. 
B)  the sequestration of human experience. 
C)  micro-finance. 
D)  core countries.

Question 18

A society that includes more than one distinct cultural or linguistic group, where no group is dominant over the others, is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  multiculturalism. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  apoliticism. 
D)  assimilation. 
A)  multiculturalism. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  apoliticism. 
D)  assimilation.

Question 19

Michelle claims that all human cultures are different and cannot be compared. How might sociologists critique her claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would not. All cultures are different and cannot be meaningfully compared. 
B)  Sociologists would respond that we cannot talk about human culture because it is not separate from our natural environment. 
C)  They would criticize it because it focuses on something as vague as human culture instead of our institutions. 
D)  Sociologists would point out that there are cultural universals that all human cultures seem to share. 
A)  They would not. All cultures are different and cannot be meaningfully compared. 
B)  Sociologists would respond that we cannot talk about human culture because it is not separate from our natural environment. 
C)  They would criticize it because it focuses on something as vague as human culture instead of our institutions. 
D)  Sociologists would point out that there are cultural universals that all human cultures seem to share.

Question 20

According to the textbook, marriage is a cultural universal, which means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  norms that relate to marriage are the same across all cultures. 
B)  due to globalization, divorces in Western societies will inevitably spread and influence the rest of the world. 
C)  marriage always involves one man and one woman even through marriage ceremonies across cultures. 
D)  marriage is present in all societies even though the norms related to marriage may differ. 
A)  norms that relate to marriage are the same across all cultures. 
B)  due to globalization, divorces in Western societies will inevitably spread and influence the rest of the world. 
C)  marriage always involves one man and one woman even through marriage ceremonies across cultures. 
D)  marriage is present in all societies even though the norms related to marriage may differ.

Societies whose means of subsistence are based on agricultural production (crop growing) are called ________ societies.

In three to five sentences, please define subcultures and explain why they are important for sociological studies. Please include at least one or two examples of subcultures in your answer.

________ refer to abstract ideals in a given society.

________ occur(s) when members of one cultural group borrow elements of another group's culture.

Sociologists often refer to less-developed societies, in which industrial production is either virtually nonexistent or developed only to a limited degree, as:

Rosa notes in her comparative historical research that one group she studied was sedentary but was not fully industrialized and relied primarily on crops as its means of livelihood. This group would best be classified as:

Societies whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals are called ________ societies.

In a couple of sentences, please explain the concept of cultural relativism and some possible benefits and pitfalls of it.

According to the Chapter, compared with larger societies-particularly modern societies, such as the United States-most hunting and gathering groups are:

________ might be defined as judging other cultures in terms of the standards of one's own.

In a couple of sentences, please answer the following question: Are developing countries merely societies that have lagged behind the more industrialized areas? In your answer, talk about colonialism and the impact of the globalized economy on developing nations.

Simone de Beauvoir once famously asserted that "one is not born a woman, but becomes one," to suggest that women are created by cultural forces. How might sociobiologists respond to this?

Frank notices that at some point in relatively recent times, humans in some places began using machines powered by non-human means, such as steam and coal. Frank is noting what process?

Jia Yin notes that in many countries, industrial development is, more or less, nonexistent. She is taking note of the:

Deric studies Singapore and the process through which it has begun developing a strong industrial base. It might be said that he is studying:

A society that includes more than one distinct cultural or linguistic group, where no group is dominant over the others, is characterized by:

Michelle claims that all human cultures are different and cannot be compared. How might sociologists critique her claim?

According to the textbook, marriage is a cultural universal, which means that:

Sociology: Theory and Method

Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging

Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Groups, Networks, and Organizations

Conformity, Deviance, and Crime

Stratification, Class, and Inequality

Global Inequality

Gender Inequality

Ethnicity and Race

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education and Religion

Politics and Economic Life

The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality

Urbanization, Population, and the Environment

Globalization in a Changing World

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Exam 2: Culture and Society

Societies whose means of subsistence are based on agricultural production (crop growing) are called ________ societies.

In three to five sentences, please define subcultures and explain why they are important for sociological studies. Please include at least one or two examples of subcultures in your answer.

________ refer to abstract ideals in a given society.

________ occur(s) when members of one cultural group borrow elements of another group's culture.

Sociologists often refer to less-developed societies, in which industrial production is either virtually nonexistent or developed only to a limited degree, as:

Rosa notes in her comparative historical research that one group she studied was sedentary but was not fully industrialized and relied primarily on crops as its means of livelihood. This group would best be classified as:

Societies whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals are called ________ societies.

In a couple of sentences, please explain the concept of cultural relativism and some possible benefits and pitfalls of it.

According to the Chapter, compared with larger societies-particularly modern societies, such as the United States-most hunting and gathering groups are:

________ might be defined as judging other cultures in terms of the standards of one's own.

In a couple of sentences, please answer the following question: Are developing countries merely societies that have lagged behind the more industrialized areas? In your answer, talk about colonialism and the impact of the globalized economy on developing nations.

Simone de Beauvoir once famously asserted that "one is not born a woman, but becomes one," to suggest that women are created by cultural forces. How might sociobiologists respond to this?

Frank notices that at some point in relatively recent times, humans in some places began using machines powered by non-human means, such as steam and coal. Frank is noting what process?

Jia Yin notes that in many countries, industrial development is, more or less, nonexistent. She is taking note of the:

Deric studies Singapore and the process through which it has begun developing a strong industrial base. It might be said that he is studying:

A society that includes more than one distinct cultural or linguistic group, where no group is dominant over the others, is characterized by:

Michelle claims that all human cultures are different and cannot be compared. How might sociologists critique her claim?

According to the textbook, marriage is a cultural universal, which means that:

Sociology: Theory and Method

Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging

Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Groups, Networks, and Organizations

Conformity, Deviance, and Crime

Stratification, Class, and Inequality

Global Inequality

Gender Inequality

Ethnicity and Race

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education and Religion

Politics and Economic Life

The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality

Urbanization, Population, and the Environment

Globalization in a Changing World

Filters