Question 1

In two to three sentences, describe how state-centered theories explain global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Some of the most recent explanations of successful economic development emphasize the role of state policy in promoting growth. Differing sharply from market-oriented theories, state-centered theories argue that appropriate government policies do not interfere with economic development but rather can play a key role in bringing it about. Thus, students should focus on the positive role the state might play in development and economic policy when explaining state-centered theories.

Question 2

What is the role of technology in deepening existing global inequalities? Please explain in three to five sentences.

Accepted Answer

The technology gap that divides rich and poor countries, which today appears to be widening, makes it even more difficult for poor countries to catch up. This gap is a result of the disparity in wealth between nations, but it also reinforces those disparities and widens the gap between rich and poor countries. Poor countries cannot easily afford modern technology, yet in the absence of modern technology, they face major barriers to overcoming poverty. They are caught in a downward spiral from which it is difficult to escape.

Question 3

Carolina is using world-systems theory to research resource-rich countries that tend to send resources to the wealthiest nations, which then sell them back to those countries for a profit. She is studying what kind of countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  core 
B)  peripheral 
C)  semiperipheral 
D)  futuristic 
A)  core 
B)  peripheral 
C)  semiperipheral 
D)  futuristic B

Question 4

The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  socialism. 
B)  Manifest Destiny. 
C)  colonialism. 
D)  Southern hegemony. 
A)  socialism. 
B)  Manifest Destiny. 
C)  colonialism. 
D)  Southern hegemony.

Question 5

James lives in a country that has a mostly agricultural economy and has only recently begun to industrialize. He lives in a ________ country.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist 
A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist

Question 6

According to the textbook, the combination of drought and internal warfare are the primary explanations for:

Accepted Answer

A)  the spread of the AIDS epidemic in low-income countries. 
B)  the average per-person income differences between low-income and middle-income countries. 
C)  high rates of undernourishment in low-income countries. 
D)  political conflict between low-income and middle-income countries. 
A)  the spread of the AIDS epidemic in low-income countries. 
B)  the average per-person income differences between low-income and middle-income countries. 
C)  high rates of undernourishment in low-income countries. 
D)  political conflict between low-income and middle-income countries.

Question 7

What is one of the explanations a sociologist would give to someone who wants to understand the recent economic advances of the east Asian emerging economies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most were part of colonial situations that imposed many hardships but also helped pave the way for economic growth. 
B)  Economic growth in this region took off when Russia provided generous economic aid that fueled the development of local industries. 
C)  Dictatorial controls allowed for smoothly run, centrally planned economies that eschewed democratic planning as well as market mechanisms. 
D)  Many of the east Asian governments shared a Buddhist philosophy of meditation that contributed to their economic advances. 
A)  Most were part of colonial situations that imposed many hardships but also helped pave the way for economic growth. 
B)  Economic growth in this region took off when Russia provided generous economic aid that fueled the development of local industries. 
C)  Dictatorial controls allowed for smoothly run, centrally planned economies that eschewed democratic planning as well as market mechanisms. 
D)  Many of the east Asian governments shared a Buddhist philosophy of meditation that contributed to their economic advances.

Question 8

Why might dependency theorists criticize modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would point out that the only way for traditional societies to develop is to shed their traditional ways. 
B)  They would argue that modernization theory ignores the fact that markets, if freed from state intervention, will develop any society. 
C)  They would point out that traditional societies are typically low income because of a history of colonialism and oppression. 
D)  They would suggest that in recent history, historically exploited nations have actually become the new exploiters through global welfare schemes. 
A)  They would point out that the only way for traditional societies to develop is to shed their traditional ways. 
B)  They would argue that modernization theory ignores the fact that markets, if freed from state intervention, will develop any society. 
C)  They would point out that traditional societies are typically low income because of a history of colonialism and oppression. 
D)  They would suggest that in recent history, historically exploited nations have actually become the new exploiters through global welfare schemes.

Question 9

Jennifer lives in a country that consumes a large percentage of the world's resources, despite its relatively small population. She likely lives in a ________ country.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist 
A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist

Question 10

The approach that examines how networks of labor, production, and consumption span the entire world is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  McDonaldization. 
B)  national franchising. 
C)  industrialization. 
D)  global commodity chains. 
A)  McDonaldization. 
B)  national franchising. 
C)  industrialization. 
D)  global commodity chains.

Question 11

Yessenia studies mid-twentieth-century India. In her studies, she notes how Great Britain established direct rule over India for profit. She is taking note of what process?

Accepted Answer

A)  colonialism 
B)  participatory planning 
C)  assembly making 
D)  communization 
A)  colonialism 
B)  participatory planning 
C)  assembly making 
D)  communization

Question 12

Alejandra believes that poverty in Colombia is largely due to exploitation by the United States and multinational corporations originating in the United States. Her view is best described as corresponding to what theory or set of theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  dependency theories 
B)  state-centered theories 
C)  neoliberalism 
D)  modernization theory 
A)  dependency theories 
B)  state-centered theories 
C)  neoliberalism 
D)  modernization theory

Question 13

World-systems theory argues that natural resources flow from ________ to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  north; south 
B)  periphery; core 
C)  semiperiphery; periphery 
D)  core; periphery 
A)  north; south 
B)  periphery; core 
C)  semiperiphery; periphery 
D)  core; periphery

Question 14

Dependency theories can be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  structural theories that show how people on welfare and other forms of social assistance become dependent on it and are thus unable to develop economically. 
B)  Marxist theories of economic development arguing that the poverty of low-income countries stems directly from their exploitation by wealthy countries and the multinational corporations that are based in wealthy countries. 
C)  cultural theories that suggest that some cultures are simply not fit for economic development. 
D)  explanations for how families with many dependents force countries into economic downturns. 
A)  structural theories that show how people on welfare and other forms of social assistance become dependent on it and are thus unable to develop economically. 
B)  Marxist theories of economic development arguing that the poverty of low-income countries stems directly from their exploitation by wealthy countries and the multinational corporations that are based in wealthy countries. 
C)  cultural theories that suggest that some cultures are simply not fit for economic development. 
D)  explanations for how families with many dependents force countries into economic downturns.

Question 15

Sonyuchka studies countries that are located primarily in east and southeast Asia, the oil-rich countries of the Middle East and north Africa, the Americas (Mexico, Central America, Cuba, and other countries in the Caribbean and South America), and the once-communist republics that formerly made up the Soviet Union and its eastern European allies. She is likely studying ________ countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  Asian 
A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  Asian

Question 16

Country A has been able to apply existing technologies to the production of goods. Country B has created many different technologies and is able to make a large profit by making these technologies available to other nations, including Country A. Country B is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a technology adopter. 
B)  a technological disconnect. 
C)  a technology dominant. 
D)  a technology innovator. 
A)  a technology adopter. 
B)  a technological disconnect. 
C)  a technology dominant. 
D)  a technology innovator.

Question 17

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders. Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dependency theorists would argue that the only way for underdeveloped nations to develop is to borrow from foreign banks and not rely on corporations. 
B)  Dependency theorists would argue that foreign states provide a much more stable source for income for underdeveloped nations. 
C)  Dependency theorists would respond that low-income nations need revolutionary changes that would push out, rather than welcome, foreign corporations. 
D)  Dependency theorists would argue that the legacy of colonialism has already led to positive forms of development in low-income countries. 
A)  Dependency theorists would argue that the only way for underdeveloped nations to develop is to borrow from foreign banks and not rely on corporations. 
B)  Dependency theorists would argue that foreign states provide a much more stable source for income for underdeveloped nations. 
C)  Dependency theorists would respond that low-income nations need revolutionary changes that would push out, rather than welcome, foreign corporations. 
D)  Dependency theorists would argue that the legacy of colonialism has already led to positive forms of development in low-income countries.

Question 18

In a short paragraph, compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the four competing sociological theories that explain global inequality.

Accepted Answer

Market-oriented theories recommend the a

Question 19

Alyssa is a fierce advocate for indigenous rights and ways of life. Why might she be critical of the modernization theory of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modernization theory typically suggests that traditional societies must abandon their traditional ways and embrace modern economic institutions. 
B)  Modernization theory suggests that the state should run the economy, which leaves no place for indigenous involvement. 
C)  Modernization theory treats indigenous people like noble savages who have all the correct answers to life's problems. 
D)  Modernization theory focuses too much on the role of women in economic development, and indigenous communities already have prescribed roles for women. 
A)  Modernization theory typically suggests that traditional societies must abandon their traditional ways and embrace modern economic institutions. 
B)  Modernization theory suggests that the state should run the economy, which leaves no place for indigenous involvement. 
C)  Modernization theory treats indigenous people like noble savages who have all the correct answers to life's problems. 
D)  Modernization theory focuses too much on the role of women in economic development, and indigenous communities already have prescribed roles for women.

Question 20

Many countries are considered emerging economies, including a handful in eastern Asia whose growth is considered extraordinary compared to other emerging economies. In a short paragraph, explain some of the problems that have accompanied emerging economies in this part of the world.

Accepted Answer

Students should point out social problem

In two to three sentences, describe how state-centered theories explain global inequality?

What is the role of technology in deepening existing global inequalities? Please explain in three to five sentences.

Carolina is using world-systems theory to research resource-rich countries that tend to send resources to the wealthiest nations, which then sell them back to those countries for a profit. She is studying what kind of countries?

The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:

James lives in a country that has a mostly agricultural economy and has only recently begun to industrialize. He lives in a ________ country.

According to the textbook, the combination of drought and internal warfare are the primary explanations for:

What is one of the explanations a sociologist would give to someone who wants to understand the recent economic advances of the east Asian emerging economies?

Why might dependency theorists criticize modernization theory?

Jennifer lives in a country that consumes a large percentage of the world's resources, despite its relatively small population. She likely lives in a ________ country.

The approach that examines how networks of labor, production, and consumption span the entire world is called:

Yessenia studies mid-twentieth-century India. In her studies, she notes how Great Britain established direct rule over India for profit. She is taking note of what process?

Alejandra believes that poverty in Colombia is largely due to exploitation by the United States and multinational corporations originating in the United States. Her view is best described as corresponding to what theory or set of theories?

World-systems theory argues that natural resources flow from to .

Dependency theories can be described as:

Country A has been able to apply existing technologies to the production of goods. Country B has created many different technologies and is able to make a large profit by making these technologies available to other nations, including Country A. Country B is an example of:

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders. Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?

In a short paragraph, compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the four competing sociological theories that explain global inequality.

Alyssa is a fierce advocate for indigenous rights and ways of life. Why might she be critical of the modernization theory of development?

Many countries are considered emerging economies, including a handful in eastern Asia whose growth is considered extraordinary compared to other emerging economies. In a short paragraph, explain some of the problems that have accompanied emerging economies in this part of the world.

Sociology: Theory and Method

Culture and Society

Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging

Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Groups, Networks, and Organizations

Conformity, Deviance, and Crime

Stratification, Class, and Inequality

Gender Inequality

Ethnicity and Race

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education and Religion

Politics and Economic Life

The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality

Urbanization, Population, and the Environment

Globalization in a Changing World

Filters

Exam 8: Global Inequality

In two to three sentences, describe how state-centered theories explain global inequality?

What is the role of technology in deepening existing global inequalities? Please explain in three to five sentences.

Carolina is using world-systems theory to research resource-rich countries that tend to send resources to the wealthiest nations, which then sell them back to those countries for a profit. She is studying what kind of countries?

The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:

James lives in a country that has a mostly agricultural economy and has only recently begun to industrialize. He lives in a ________ country.

According to the textbook, the combination of drought and internal warfare are the primary explanations for:

What is one of the explanations a sociologist would give to someone who wants to understand the recent economic advances of the east Asian emerging economies?

Why might dependency theorists criticize modernization theory?

Jennifer lives in a country that consumes a large percentage of the world's resources, despite its relatively small population. She likely lives in a ________ country.

The approach that examines how networks of labor, production, and consumption span the entire world is called:

Yessenia studies mid-twentieth-century India. In her studies, she notes how Great Britain established direct rule over India for profit. She is taking note of what process?

Alejandra believes that poverty in Colombia is largely due to exploitation by the United States and multinational corporations originating in the United States. Her view is best described as corresponding to what theory or set of theories?

World-systems theory argues that natural resources flow from ________ to ________.

Dependency theories can be described as:

Country A has been able to apply existing technologies to the production of goods. Country B has created many different technologies and is able to make a large profit by making these technologies available to other nations, including Country A. Country B is an example of:

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders. Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?

In a short paragraph, compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the four competing sociological theories that explain global inequality.

Alyssa is a fierce advocate for indigenous rights and ways of life. Why might she be critical of the modernization theory of development?

Many countries are considered emerging economies, including a handful in eastern Asia whose growth is considered extraordinary compared to other emerging economies. In a short paragraph, explain some of the problems that have accompanied emerging economies in this part of the world.

Sociology: Theory and Method

Culture and Society

Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging

Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Groups, Networks, and Organizations

Conformity, Deviance, and Crime

Stratification, Class, and Inequality

Gender Inequality

Ethnicity and Race

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education and Religion

Politics and Economic Life

The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality

Urbanization, Population, and the Environment

Globalization in a Changing World

Filters

World-systems theory argues that natural resources flow from to .