Exam 10: Ethnicity and Race

Many activists argue that "stop and frisk" policing tactics disproportionately profile men of color because over 80 percent of those stopped are African American and Latino. According to these activists, this practice is an example of:

Adolph Hitler was able to convince the German population that Jews were to blame for the country's economic troubles. Jews in this example can be considered a(n):

In 1954, which U.S. Supreme Court case unanimously decided that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal"?

From the fifteenth century onward, as Europeans came into increased contact with people from different regions of the world, they attempted to categorize these people based on their physical attributes. These categories (which did not previously exist) became the basis of systems that shaped and constrained the people's daily lives. This is an example of:

William Julius Wilson has argued that racial inequality is decreasing, and he asserts that inequality between groups is now more about distinctions based on:

What is a minority group and what are the key characteristics that define a minority group in the field of social science? Why might the term minority cause confusion, and what would a reasonable alternative label be?

According to the textbook, which of the following statements concerning race is true?

A white couple does not hold prejudicial attitudes about black people. However, they steer away from purchasing a home in a predominantly black neighborhood because they are worried about declining property value. Though they feel uncomfortable, they stick to white neighborhoods where the property is considered a better financial investment. This shows that:

Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true?

Although Scott, an African American, was more qualified than Bernardo, a Hispanic American, Bernardo was hired instead of Scott because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. Denying Scott the job is an example of:

According to the textbook, what were the immediate consequences of the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

Most immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from:

The attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics is known as:

Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate?

Your textbook notes that racial discrimination can occur at the individual behavioral level but also at the institutional/societal level. One context in which both forms of racial discrimination might occur is in hiring for employment. Consider a scenario in which two job candidates are being considered for a position and the racial-ethnic identity of each candidate is known. Construct a hypothetical scenario in which racism is occurring at the individual level and at the institutional level (institutional racism), giving specific examples of each type of racism. Explain how each example of racism illustrates either individual or institutional racism.

In order to justify the institution of slavery, beliefs about the inferiority of enslaved people from Africa were developed and persisted after American slavery was abolished. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism?

In a couple of sentences, please define institutional racism and explain how it differs from racial discrimination at the individual level. Give examples of each (individual and institutional racism), specifying how your examples illustrate the difference between individual-level and institutional racism.

In a couple of sentences, explain the main difference between prejudice and discrimination. Does prejudice always precede discrimination?

Jody is a white woman who has Irish ancestry on her father's side and enjoys celebrating St. Patrick's Day in her hometown of Boston. In most aspects of Jody's life, however, being Irish American has no meaningful impact on her day-to-day life. This example illustrates that:

According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States?