Exam 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment

The number of children women are biologically able to produce is known as:

Manuel Castells emphasized ________, such as the gay community in San Francisco, as an important factor in urban development.

According to sociologists who use ________, cities tend to develop in response to advantageous features of the environment. For example, cities develop on the shores of rivers, on fertile plains, and at the intersections of trading routes.

Sandra lives in the heart of a large city. Lately, there have been robberies on several of the streets near where Sandra lives but none on her street. Sandra and her neighbors believe that they have not seen any crime on their street because they know each other, notice when strangers or strange cars are in the neighborhood, and have a mix of old retired couples and young families who use the neighborhood at different times of the day. Jane Jacobs would see this as an example of:

Why is gentrification considered an urban problem? In three to five sentences, explain what happens to residents of a neighborhood when it goes through the process of gentrification.

The inner cities in the United States have decayed in the past fifty years. What reasons do sociologists give for this decay?

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, Waukee, an area located outside Iowa's capital city of Des Moines, is 98.17 percent white. If suburbs are increasingly becoming "majority minority," what explains Waukee's demographics?

In most ancient cities:

In a short paragraph, assess the ways in which globalization has affected the process of urbanization in societies.

Fertility rates are often much lower than fecundity rates because:

Natasha's organization helps companies design projects that will generate profit but also have minimal impact on the environment. Their focus is on recycling physical resources and keeping pollution to a minimum. Her company focuses on:

In the 1980s, Williamsburg, Brooklyn, was a predominantly Latino and black area of New York City, but since the mid-1990s, landlords have pushed out tenants, renovated buildings, and rented out units for dramatically higher prices. This process is called:

Thomas Malthus was one of the original writers to show concern for population growth. Demographers, economists, politicians, sociologists, and others have continued to debate his ideas for more than two hundred years, but many do not share his concern for the natural limits to population growth. Which of the following challenged Malthus's predictions?

According to one popular website, Global Footprint, seven planets would be required for all people on earth to somehow achieve the standard of living of the average American. Given that we only have one planet, what do you think will be required to make the transition from current processes of environmental degradation to sustainable development? Explain your answer in three to five sentences.

What is meant by a geography of centrality and marginality in global cities?

The number of deaths per one thousand people per year is known as crude death rate or:

According to William Julius Wilson, the growth of an urban underclass is largely due to:

Most of the people leaving rural areas represent:

Urban ecology emphasizes the ________ of city areas, whereby the specialized groups on which people depend are located in the city centers.

According to David Harvey, cities as well as suburbs can be understood as ________ humans established to serve their needs.