Question 1

A researcher wants to reduce observer bias and rating errors in a systematic classroom observational study.Which of the following would not be a recommended procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Make the observational task as objective as possible. 
B)  Train the observers to a high level of reliability. 
C)  Give the observers as much information as possible about the research problem, hypotheses, and subject characteristics. 
D)  Do not give the observers information about the research problem, hypotheses, and subject characteristics. 
A)  Make the observational task as objective as possible. 
B)  Train the observers to a high level of reliability. 
C)  Give the observers as much information as possible about the research problem, hypotheses, and subject characteristics. 
D)  Do not give the observers information about the research problem, hypotheses, and subject characteristics.

Question 2

Consider two statements from a Likert attitude scale measuring attitudes toward medical use of marijuana: (1) Marijuana should be legal for medical use; (2) Marijuana should not be legalized even for medical use .A student marked "SA" to the first statement, and "SD" to the second statement.What is this student's score based on these two statements?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  10 
A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  10

Question 3

Consider a Likert scale designed to measure attitude toward capital punishment.If a +5 is assigned the "strongly agree" position for the statement "I believe capital punishment is the best deterrent to violent crime in this country" , what value would be assigned to the "strongly disagree" position for the statement: "The U.S.should abolish capital punishment"?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  +5 
C)  -5 
D)  Either +5 or -5; it doesn't matter. 
A)  1 
B)  +5 
C)  -5 
D)  Either +5 or -5; it doesn't matter.

Question 4

Define interrater reliability.

Accepted Answer

An index which shows the correlation bet

Question 5

One way to improve the validity of rating scales as measuring instruments is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the number of points on each scale. 
B)  base the scale on carefully standardized situations. 
C)  have behaviorally anchored points on the scale. 
D)  have norms based on large, representative samples. 
A)  increase the number of points on each scale. 
B)  base the scale on carefully standardized situations. 
C)  have behaviorally anchored points on the scale. 
D)  have norms based on large, representative samples.

Question 6

For the items listed, select the one that best represents the order form abstract to concrete.

Accepted Answer

A)  Construct, scale, operation definition, variable 
B)  Variable, construct, operational definition, scale 
C)  Construct, variable, operational definition, scale 
D)  Construct, variable, scale, operational definition 
A)  Construct, scale, operation definition, variable 
B)  Variable, construct, operational definition, scale 
C)  Construct, variable, operational definition, scale 
D)  Construct, variable, scale, operational definition

Question 7

The most distinctive characteristic of a situational test is its

Accepted Answer

A)  lifelike atmosphere. 
B)  use of laboratory equipment. 
C)  assumption of prior training. 
D)  relatively ambiguous test items. 
A)  lifelike atmosphere. 
B)  use of laboratory equipment. 
C)  assumption of prior training. 
D)  relatively ambiguous test items.

Question 8

Exhibit 8-6.Indicate the type of instrument that would be used for the purposes listed.
-Refer to Exhibit 8-6.To obtain teachers' assessment of the leadership ability of the senior class officers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rating scale 
B)  Inventory 
C)  Attitude scale 
D)  Direct observation 
A)  Rating scale 
B)  Inventory 
C)  Attitude scale 
D)  Direct observation

Question 9

In a test "objectivity" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent to which the test samples the underlying variables. 
B)  the level of agreement observed among scorers. 
C)  the extent to which the questions are based on theoretically defined traits. 
D)  the extent to which multiple choice and true-false items are used. 
E)  how well the sample represents the population of interest. 
A)  the extent to which the test samples the underlying variables. 
B)  the level of agreement observed among scorers. 
C)  the extent to which the questions are based on theoretically defined traits. 
D)  the extent to which multiple choice and true-false items are used. 
E)  how well the sample represents the population of interest.

Question 10

In rating, the "halo effect" refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  tendency to make ratings too high. 
B)  influence of one rater's results on another rater. 
C)  influence of a general impression of a person on the rating of specific characteristics. 
D)  tendency not to be too hard in rating people one doesn't like. 
E)  tendency to use the middle points on the scale for rating all characteristics. 
A)  tendency to make ratings too high. 
B)  influence of one rater's results on another rater. 
C)  influence of a general impression of a person on the rating of specific characteristics. 
D)  tendency not to be too hard in rating people one doesn't like. 
E)  tendency to use the middle points on the scale for rating all characteristics.

Question 11

Ursula is an excellent salesperson, but does not get along well with other employees.Her supervisor, however, rates her highly on the dimension of "works well with others." The supervisor is most likely guilty of a

Accepted Answer

A)  halo effect. 
B)  generosity error. 
C)  contrast effect. 
D)  logical error. 
A)  halo effect. 
B)  generosity error. 
C)  contrast effect. 
D)  logical error.

Question 12

Exhibit 8-4: Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed.
-Refer to Exhibit 8-4.A researcher who observes a student speaking rudely to her teacher rates that student very low on a number of behavioral traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  Observer bias 
B)  Error of leniency 
C)  Error of central tendency 
D)  Halo effect 
E)  Contamination 
A)  Observer bias 
B)  Error of leniency 
C)  Error of central tendency 
D)  Halo effect 
E)  Contamination

Question 13

"Standardized" as applied to tests means

Accepted Answer

A)  covering what should be taught. 
B)  having objective-type items 
C)  a particular type of aptitude test. 
D)  uniform administration and established norms. 
E)  having an established level of expectation. 
A)  covering what should be taught. 
B)  having objective-type items 
C)  a particular type of aptitude test. 
D)  uniform administration and established norms. 
E)  having an established level of expectation.

Question 14

On a standardized math achievement test, the average for fourth graders is 68 and the average for sixth graders is 86.The scores 68 and 86 are

Accepted Answer

A)  norms. 
B)  cutoff scores. 
C)  standard scores. 
D)  normalized raw scores. 
E)  ideal scores for fourth and sixth graders. 
A)  norms. 
B)  cutoff scores. 
C)  standard scores. 
D)  normalized raw scores. 
E)  ideal scores for fourth and sixth graders.

Question 15

An advantage of the present revision of the Stanford-Binet is that an individual's performance may be reported as

Accepted Answer

A)  a standard score. 
B)  mental age divided by chronological age. 
C)  simple number of correct responses. 
D)  a profile of separate abilities. 
A)  a standard score. 
B)  mental age divided by chronological age. 
C)  simple number of correct responses. 
D)  a profile of separate abilities.

Question 16

Intelligence tests are most valid for measuring

Accepted Answer

A)  innate capacity. 
B)  creativity. 
C)  inherited ability. 
D)  scholastic aptitude. 
E)  problem-solving approaches. 
A)  innate capacity. 
B)  creativity. 
C)  inherited ability. 
D)  scholastic aptitude. 
E)  problem-solving approaches.

Question 17

When using the _____, the subject indicates the extent to which he/she agrees or disagrees with a series of statements.

Accepted Answer

A)  Likert scale 
B)  California F-Scale 
C)  Bipolar adjective scale 
D)  Thematic Apperception Test 
A)  Likert scale 
B)  California F-Scale 
C)  Bipolar adjective scale 
D)  Thematic Apperception Test

Question 18

A researcher found significantly different mean scores on an attitude scale for two groups known to be on different sides of the gun control issue.The researcher reported that this finding was evidence of the scale's

Accepted Answer

A)  validity. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  objectivity. 
D)  divergent index. 
A)  validity. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  objectivity. 
D)  divergent index.

Question 19

Intelligence tests can best be described as tests measuring

Accepted Answer

A)  learning aptitude. 
B)  innate ability. 
C)  inherited capacity. 
D)  scholastic aptitude. 
A)  learning aptitude. 
B)  innate ability. 
C)  inherited capacity. 
D)  scholastic aptitude.

Question 20

A researcher found that the performance range of a test he wanted to use was restricted at the upper end so that subjects could not show their maximum ability.This limitation is called the ____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  projective 
B)  floor 
C)  baseline 
D)  ceiling 
A)  projective 
B)  floor 
C)  baseline 
D)  ceiling

A researcher wants to reduce observer bias and rating errors in a systematic classroom observational study.Which of the following would not be a recommended procedure?

Define interrater reliability.

One way to improve the validity of rating scales as measuring instruments is to

For the items listed, select the one that best represents the order form abstract to concrete.

The most distinctive characteristic of a situational test is its

Exhibit 8-6.Indicate the type of instrument that would be used for the purposes listed. -Refer to Exhibit 8-6.To obtain teachers' assessment of the leadership ability of the senior class officers.

In a test "objectivity" refers to

In rating, the "halo effect" refers to the

Ursula is an excellent salesperson, but does not get along well with other employees.Her supervisor, however, rates her highly on the dimension of "works well with others." The supervisor is most likely guilty of a

Exhibit 8-4: Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed. -Refer to Exhibit 8-4.A researcher who observes a student speaking rudely to her teacher rates that student very low on a number of behavioral traits.

"Standardized" as applied to tests means

On a standardized math achievement test, the average for fourth graders is 68 and the average for sixth graders is 86.The scores 68 and 86 are

An advantage of the present revision of the Stanford-Binet is that an individual's performance may be reported as

Intelligence tests are most valid for measuring

When using the _____, the subject indicates the extent to which he/she agrees or disagrees with a series of statements.

A researcher found significantly different mean scores on an attitude scale for two groups known to be on different sides of the gun control issue.The researcher reported that this finding was evidence of the scale's

Intelligence tests can best be described as tests measuring

A researcher found that the performance range of a test he wanted to use was restricted at the upper end so that subjects could not show their maximum ability.This limitation is called the ____ effect.

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

Exam 8: Tools of Research

A researcher wants to reduce observer bias and rating errors in a systematic classroom observational study.Which of the following would not be a recommended procedure?

Define interrater reliability.

One way to improve the validity of rating scales as measuring instruments is to

For the items listed, select the one that best represents the order form abstract to concrete.

The most distinctive characteristic of a situational test is its

Exhibit 8-6.Indicate the type of instrument that would be used for the purposes listed. -Refer to Exhibit 8-6.To obtain teachers' assessment of the leadership ability of the senior class officers.

In a test "objectivity" refers to

In rating, the "halo effect" refers to the

Ursula is an excellent salesperson, but does not get along well with other employees.Her supervisor, however, rates her highly on the dimension of "works well with others." The supervisor is most likely guilty of a

Exhibit 8-4: Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed. -Refer to Exhibit 8-4.A researcher who observes a student speaking rudely to her teacher rates that student very low on a number of behavioral traits.

"Standardized" as applied to tests means

On a standardized math achievement test, the average for fourth graders is 68 and the average for sixth graders is 86.The scores 68 and 86 are

An advantage of the present revision of the Stanford-Binet is that an individual's performance may be reported as

Intelligence tests are most valid for measuring

When using the _____, the subject indicates the extent to which he/she agrees or disagrees with a series of statements.

A researcher found significantly different mean scores on an attitude scale for two groups known to be on different sides of the gun control issue.The researcher reported that this finding was evidence of the scale's

Intelligence tests can best be described as tests measuring

A researcher found that the performance range of a test he wanted to use was restricted at the upper end so that subjects could not show their maximum ability.This limitation is called the ____ effect.

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters