Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (a)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=60 & \mathrm{X}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (b)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=40 & \mathrm{X}=60 \end{array} \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (c)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=40 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{Y}=60 & \mathrm{Y}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (d)}\\ &\mathrm{M} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm{N} \\ &\text { None of these condition }\\ \\ \end{array} \end{array}$ -Sampling error refers to

A) the mean difference between sample means. B) the mean difference between population means. C) the difference between a sample statistic and a population parameter. A) the mean difference between sample means. B) the mean difference between population means. C) the difference between a sample statistic and a population parameter. C

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. $ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \\ & 16.33 & 13.50 \\ &1.03 & 2.74 \\& 6 & 6 \\ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \\ & 3.55 & 2.14 \\ & 6 & 6\end{array} $ The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: $\begin{array}{ll} \underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\ \text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \\ \text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \\ \text { Interaction }\\ \text { Error } & 128.500 \\ \text { Total } & 102950 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the mean square for Error?

A) .042 B) 1.042 C) 63.375 D) None of these are true. A) .042 B) 1.042 C) 63.375 D) None of these are true. D

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. $ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \\ & 16.33 & 13.50 \\ &1.03 & 2.74 \\& 6 & 6 \\ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \\ & 3.55 & 2.14 \\ & 6 & 6\end{array} $ The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: $\begin{array}{ll} \underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\ \text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \\ \text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \\ \text { Interaction }\\ \text { Error } & 128.500 \\ \text { Total } & 102950 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the F value for Lesson Design?

A) .006 B) .162 C) 9.864 D) None of these are true. A) .006 B) .162 C) 9.864 D) None of these are true. B

Exhibit 7-13: An investigator wished to look at the relationship between the aspirations of high school juniors for a college education and their current grade point averages.He asked 150 high school juniors whether or not they wanted to attend college.The following data were obtained: $\begin{array}{lllll} &&&GPA\\ & & \text { Below average } & \text { Average } & \text { Above average } \\ \text { Aspiration } & \text { Yes } & 15 & 25 & 35 \\ \text { to attend College } & \text { No } & 35 & 25 & 15 \end{array}$ Apply the XS1U1P12S1S1P0 test to the above data and then answer the following questions. -Refer to Exhibit 7-13.The degree(s) of freedom for this problem is (are)

A) 1. B) 2. C) 5. D) 149. A) 1. B) 2. C) 5. D) 149.

Exhibit 7-8: A pet store owner buys equal amounts of supplies for all types of animals.She wonders if the proportions of her customers are equal or are the same.She collected the following data over a period of a week: $\begin{array}{lccc} &&& \underline { \text { Products for }}\\ &\underline { \text { Dogs }} & \underline { \text { Cats }} & \underline { \text { Fish }} & \underline { \text { Birds}} & \underline { \text { Rodents }}\\ \text { Customers }&46&48&35&28&28 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-8.What is the appropriate statistic for this question?

A) Chi Square Test of Independence B) Chi Square Goodness of Fit C) Analysis of Variance D) None of these are true. A) Chi Square Test of Independence B) Chi Square Goodness of Fit C) Analysis of Variance D) None of these are true.

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results: $\begin{array}{llll} & \underline{\text {Yes }}{} &\underline{\text {No }}{} &\underline { Sometimes } \\ \text { College Students } & 30 & 45 & 25 \\ \text { Graduates } & 50 & 30 & 20 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-9.What is the value for the statistic?

A) 5.32 B) 8.56 C) 12.99 D) None of these are true. A) 5.32 B) 8.56 C) 12.99 D) None of these are true.

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (a)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=60 & \mathrm{X}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (b)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=40 & \mathrm{X}=60 \end{array} \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (c)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=40 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{Y}=60 & \mathrm{Y}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (d)}\\ &\mathrm{M} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm{N} \\ &\text { None of these condition }\\ \\ \end{array} \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows only one possible main effect and no interaction effect?

A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d) A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d)

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (a)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=60 & \mathrm{X}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (b)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=40 & \mathrm{X}=60 \end{array} \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (c)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=40 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{Y}=60 & \mathrm{Y}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (d)}\\ &\mathrm{M} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm{N} \\ &\text { None of these condition }\\ \\ \end{array} \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows two possible main effects but no interaction effect?

A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d) A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d)

Exhibit 7-11: In a 2 $\times$ 3 experimental design three kinds of treatments (A, B, and C) were used with two groups of subjects (M and N).The number of subjects and the mean of each group are as follows: $\begin{array}{lll} &&&\text { Treatments }\\ &&\mathrm{A} & \mathrm{B} & \mathrm{C} \\ &\mathrm{~M}&\mathrm{X}=20 & \mathrm{X}=18 & \mathrm{X}=16 \\ &&\mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 \\ \text { subjects } \\ &\mathrm{~N}&\mathrm{X}=12 & \mathrm{X}=14 & \mathrm{X}=16 \\ &&\mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 \end{array}$ The following is the incomplete summary table of multifactor analysis of variance.Complete the table and answer the following questions. $\begin{array}{ll} \text { Source of variation } & S S & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\ \hline \text { Between columns } & 0 \\ \text { Between rows } & 120 \\ \text { Interaction } & \\ \hline \text { Between groups } & 200 \\ \text { Within groups } & \\ \hline \text { Tntal } & 454 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-11.The value of the mean square between columns is

A) 0. B) 10.57. C) 40. D) 120. A) 0. B) 10.57. C) 40. D) 120.

Exam 7: Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. Condition (a) Boys =50 =60 Girls =60 =50 Condition (b) Boys =50 =60 Girls =40 =60 Condition (c) Boys =50 =40 Girls =60 =50 Condition (d) None of these condition -Sampling error refers to

Free

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

C

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. Morning Old New 16.33 13.50 1.03 2.74 6 6 Afternoon 13.17 16.83 3.55 2.14 6 6 The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: Time of Day 0.042 Lesson Design 1.042 Interaction Error 128.500 Total 102950 -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the mean square for Error?

Free

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

D

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. Morning Old New 16.33 13.50 1.03 2.74 6 6 Afternoon 13.17 16.83 3.55 2.14 6 6 The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: Time of Day 0.042 Lesson Design 1.042 Interaction Error 128.500 Total 102950 -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the F value for Lesson Design?

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(Multiple Choice)

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Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

B

Exhibit 7-13: An investigator wished to look at the relationship between the aspirations of high school juniors for a college education and their current grade point averages.He asked 150 high school juniors whether or not they wanted to attend college.The following data were obtained: GPA Below average Average Above average Aspiration Yes 15 25 35 to attend College No 35 25 15 Apply the X² test to the above data and then answer the following questions. -Refer to Exhibit 7-13.The degree(s) of freedom for this problem is (are)

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Question 4

Exhibit 7-8: A pet store owner buys equal amounts of supplies for all types of animals.She wonders if the proportions of her customers are equal or are the same.She collected the following data over a period of a week: Customers 46 48 35 28 28 -Refer to Exhibit 7-8.What is the appropriate statistic for this question?

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Question 5

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.There is a significant interaction effect between three types of corrective feedback and the three ability levels of the students on successful solving of complex math problems.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results: College Students 30 45 25 Graduates 50 30 20 -Refer to Exhibit 7-9.What is the value for the statistic?

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Question 7

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. Condition (a) Boys =50 =60 Girls =60 =50 Condition (b) Boys =50 =60 Girls =40 =60 Condition (c) Boys =50 =40 Girls =60 =50 Condition (d) None of these condition -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows only one possible main effect and no interaction effect?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

Exhibit 7-3: A researcher is examining the effects of a computer-based training program designed to teach algebra.The researcher randomly selects subjects for two groups and gives one group the computer training and the other standard teaching methods to see if the results of the two methods differ.The following scores are from the subjects' final test. CBT Control 52 65 55 45 56 47 53 46 50 47 49 33 52 39 53 49 -Refer to Exhibit 7-3.What is the observed value for the chosen statistic?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 9

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.Students will show an improvement on a test that was administered on both the first and last days of the class.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 10

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. Condition (a) Boys =50 =60 Girls =60 =50 Condition (b) Boys =50 =60 Girls =40 =60 Condition (c) Boys =50 =40 Girls =60 =50 Condition (d) None of these condition -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows two possible main effects but no interaction effect?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 11

If you have statistical significance, explain how this result does not imply that your findings are necessarily important?

(Short Answer)

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Question 12

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.Is the proportion of people who like Cola A different from the proportion of people who like Cola B?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-2.Chooses subjects that seem to be typical of a defined subgroup.

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Question 14

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.The mean grade for an advanced statistics course will be higher than the mean grade for an introductory course in statistics.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

The Chi square test is used with which measurement level(s) of data?

(Short Answer)

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Question 16

Exhibit 7-11: In a 2 $\times$ 3 experimental design three kinds of treatments (A, B, and C) were used with two groups of subjects (M and N).The number of subjects and the mean of each group are as follows: Treatments =20 =18 =16 =5 =5 =5 subjects =12 =14 =16 =5 =5 =5 The following is the incomplete summary table of multifactor analysis of variance.Complete the table and answer the following questions. Source of variation SS Between columns 0 Between rows 120 Interaction Between groups 200 Within groups Tntal 454 -Refer to Exhibit 7-11.The number of degrees of freedom for within groups is

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 17

A school administrator finds no statistically significant difference in learning whether students are taught by computer or by books.She decides not to spend money on new computer equipment.Later, she finds that a neighboring district is very successful in implementing computer technology.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

Exhibit 7-11: In a 2 $\times$ 3 experimental design three kinds of treatments (A, B, and C) were used with two groups of subjects (M and N).The number of subjects and the mean of each group are as follows: Treatments =20 =18 =16 =5 =5 =5 subjects =12 =14 =16 =5 =5 =5 The following is the incomplete summary table of multifactor analysis of variance.Complete the table and answer the following questions. Source of variation SS Between columns 0 Between rows 120 Interaction Between groups 200 Within groups Tntal 454 -Refer to Exhibit 7-11.The value of the mean square between columns is

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Question 19

Explain the elements that are involved in determining sample size and how they are dependent on one another?

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Question 20

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.There is a significant interaction effect between three types of corrective feedback and the three ability levels of the students on successful solving of complex math problems.

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results: College Students 30 45 25 Graduates 50 30 20 -Refer to Exhibit 7-9.What is the value for the statistic?

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.Students will show an improvement on a test that was administered on both the first and last days of the class.

If you have statistical significance, explain how this result does not imply that your findings are necessarily important?

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.Is the proportion of people who like Cola A different from the proportion of people who like Cola B?

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-2.Chooses subjects that seem to be typical of a defined subgroup.

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.The mean grade for an advanced statistics course will be higher than the mean grade for an introductory course in statistics.

The Chi square test is used with which measurement level(s) of data?

A school administrator finds no statistically significant difference in learning whether students are taught by computer or by books.She decides not to spend money on new computer equipment.Later, she finds that a neighboring district is very successful in implementing computer technology.

Explain the elements that are involved in determining sample size and how they are dependent on one another?

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

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