Question 1

Codons are three contiguous mRNA bases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If you were to sequence the genome of two individuals and found that their DNA is 99.9% similar, what inference could you make?

Accepted Answer

A) These two individuals must be siblings. 
B) These individuals are likely identical twins. 
C) These individuals must be from different species. 
D) No inferences could be made because 99.9% of DNA is shared between all humans. 
A) These two individuals must be siblings. 
B) These individuals are likely identical twins. 
C) These individuals must be from different species. 
D) No inferences could be made because 99.9% of DNA is shared between all humans.

Question 3

A example of genetic change is the presence of certain DNA sequences occurring in different numbers of copies in different individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

If an E. coli bacterium were to have a protein with the correct amino acid sequence, but not the correct shape, which of the following is a logical explanation for what could be wrong?

Accepted Answer

A) Peptide bonds were not able to form between the amino acids. 
B) The shape-coding region of the DNA sequence related to this protein is mutated. 
C) The chaperone protein associated with protein folding is not functional. 
D) An error in transcription occurred. 
A) Peptide bonds were not able to form between the amino acids. 
B) The shape-coding region of the DNA sequence related to this protein is mutated. 
C) The chaperone protein associated with protein folding is not functional. 
D) An error in transcription occurred.

Question 5

Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients

Accepted Answer

A) provide energy. 
B) are broken down by catabolic reactions. 
C) bond with minerals. 
D) act as coenzymes. 
A) provide energy. 
B) are broken down by catabolic reactions. 
C) bond with minerals. 
D) act as coenzymes.

Question 6

The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration take place in the

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm. 
B) mitochondria. 
C) nucleus. 
D) ribosomes. 
A) cytoplasm. 
B) mitochondria. 
C) nucleus. 
D) ribosomes.

Question 7

Exposure to UV radiation can cause changes in DNA and can therefore be considered a mutagen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration begin with the process of ________ , in which glucose is broken down.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration begin with...

Question 9

The metabolome includes

Accepted Answer

A) all of the genes that encode protein in the genome. 
B) the DNA that does not encode protein in the genome. 
C) all of the small molecules that are part of metabolism. 
D) all of the enzymes that take part in aerobic respiration. 
A) all of the genes that encode protein in the genome. 
B) the DNA that does not encode protein in the genome. 
C) all of the small molecules that are part of metabolism. 
D) all of the enzymes that take part in aerobic respiration.

Question 10

DNA profiling

Accepted Answer

A) sequences the entire genomes of criminals. 
B) sequences genes that cause disease. 
C) compares the most variable parts of the genome for a variety of applications. 
D) analyzes 64 highly variable regions of the human genome. 
A) sequences the entire genomes of criminals. 
B) sequences genes that cause disease. 
C) compares the most variable parts of the genome for a variety of applications. 
D) analyzes 64 highly variable regions of the human genome.

Question 11

The part of the tRNA that binds mRNA is the anticodon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Dehydration synthesis reactions ________ , whereas hydrolysis reactions ________.

Accepted Answer

A) lose H₂O as bonds are broken; use H₂O to form bonds 
B) break large molecules into smaller ones; build large molecules from smaller ones 
C) use H₂O to form bonds; lose H₂O as bonds are broken 
D) lose H₂O as bonds are formed; use H₂O to break bonds 
A) lose H₂O as bonds are broken; use H₂O to form bonds 
B) break large molecules into smaller ones; build large molecules from smaller ones 
C) use H₂O to form bonds; lose H₂O as bonds are broken 
D) lose H₂O as bonds are formed; use H₂O to break bonds

Question 13

All of the genetic information in a cell is a genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following would not be considered a mutagen?

Accepted Answer

A) Ethidium bromide, a chemical that binds directly to DNA and deforms the double helix 
B) X-rays, which can break the bonds in DNA molecules 
C) Nitrous acid, which can convert cytosine to uracil 
D) Flavonoids, a family of compounds which can remove free radicals from cells 
A) Ethidium bromide, a chemical that binds directly to DNA and deforms the double helix 
B) X-rays, which can break the bonds in DNA molecules 
C) Nitrous acid, which can convert cytosine to uracil 
D) Flavonoids, a family of compounds which can remove free radicals from cells

Question 15

One reason why protein synthesis is important is

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism. 
B) proteins release energy for metabolic reactions. 
C) proteins encode DNA sequences. 
D) the diet does not provide the building blocks of protein. 
A) enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism. 
B) proteins release energy for metabolic reactions. 
C) proteins encode DNA sequences. 
D) the diet does not provide the building blocks of protein.

Question 16

The term anabolic metabolism refers to

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds. 
B) all processes required to maintain life. 
C) biochemical reactions that break down compounds. 
D) biochemical reactions that release energy from nutrients. 
A) biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds. 
B) all processes required to maintain life. 
C) biochemical reactions that break down compounds. 
D) biochemical reactions that release energy from nutrients.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. 
B) Most are proteins. 
C) They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C. 
D) They have active sites and interact with specific substrates. 
A) They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. 
B) Most are proteins. 
C) They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C. 
D) They have active sites and interact with specific substrates.

Question 18

If the DNA triplet ACA mutates to GCA, then the encoded amino acid changes from ________ to ________.

Accepted Answer

cysteine; arginine
c

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) The assembly of the cell membrane from precursor molecules 
B) The increase in muscle tissue with exercise 
C) The formation of secretory proteins in the pancreas 
D) The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria 
A) The assembly of the cell membrane from precursor molecules 
B) The increase in muscle tissue with exercise 
C) The formation of secretory proteins in the pancreas 
D) The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 20

Phospholipids are critical structures in cell membranes and are therefore enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Cellular Metabolism

Codons are three contiguous mRNA bases.

If you were to sequence the genome of two individuals and found that their DNA is 99.9% similar, what inference could you make?

A example of genetic change is the presence of certain DNA sequences occurring in different numbers of copies in different individuals.

If an E. coli bacterium were to have a protein with the correct amino acid sequence, but not the correct shape, which of the following is a logical explanation for what could be wrong?

Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients

The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration take place in the

Exposure to UV radiation can cause changes in DNA and can therefore be considered a mutagen.

Anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration begin with the process of ________ , in which glucose is broken down.

The metabolome includes

DNA profiling

The part of the tRNA that binds mRNA is the anticodon.

Dehydration synthesis reactions ________ , whereas hydrolysis reactions ________.

All of the genetic information in a cell is a genome.

Which of the following would not be considered a mutagen?

One reason why protein synthesis is important is

The term anabolic metabolism refers to

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?

If the DNA triplet ACA mutates to GCA, then the encoded amino acid changes from ________ to ________.

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

Phospholipids are critical structures in cell membranes and are therefore enzymes.

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

Dehydration synthesis reactions , whereas hydrolysis reactions .

If the DNA triplet ACA mutates to GCA, then the encoded amino acid changes from to .