Question 1

What were the causes of the Thirty Years' War, and what were the short-term and long-term consequences of the conflict?

Accepted Answer

The causes of the Thirty Years' War were complex and multifaceted. One major cause was the religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants in Europe, which had been simmering since the Protestant Reformation. The war was also fueled by political and territorial disputes among the various European powers, as well as economic and social factors.

The short-term consequences of the Thirty Years' War were devastating. It resulted in widespread destruction and loss of life across Europe, particularly in the German states where much of the fighting took place. The war also had a profound impact on the balance of power in Europe, leading to the decline of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of France as a dominant force.

In the long-term, the Thirty Years' War had far-reaching consequences for the political and religious landscape of Europe. It led to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which established the principle of state sovereignty and laid the groundwork for the modern system of international relations. The war also marked the end of the religious wars that had plagued Europe for decades, and paved the way for the eventual emergence of religious tolerance and pluralism in many parts of the continent. Additionally, the war had a lasting impact on the economy and society of Europe, leading to widespread poverty and social upheaval in the aftermath of the conflict.

Question 2

Under the liberum veto, an act of the Polish Sejm could be vetoed by

Accepted Answer

A) any member of the Sejm. 
B) the Holy Roman Emperor. 
C) the King of Poland. 
D) the Polish Supreme Court. 
E) the King of Russia. 
A) any member of the Sejm. 
B) the Holy Roman Emperor. 
C) the King of Poland. 
D) the Polish Supreme Court. 
E) the King of Russia. A

Question 3

Oliver Cromwell remains a polarizing figure in British history.What were his achievements, and how did his contemporaries assess his strengths and weaknesses?

Accepted Answer

Oliver Cromwell, a key figure in British history, remains a polarizing figure due to his complex legacy. His achievements include leading the Parliamentarian forces to victory in the English Civil War, overthrowing the monarchy, and establishing the Commonwealth of England. He also played a crucial role in the execution of King Charles I and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Cromwell's contemporaries assessed his strengths as being his military prowess, his commitment to religious freedom, and his efforts to modernize and reform the government. However, they also criticized him for his authoritarian rule, his harsh treatment of the Irish and Scottish populations, and his suppression of political opposition.

Overall, Cromwell's legacy is one of both admiration and condemnation, with some viewing him as a champion of liberty and others as a ruthless dictator. His impact on British history is undeniable, and his complex legacy continues to spark debate and controversy.

Question 4

Jacques Bossuet's Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture

Accepted Answer

A) rejected as ungodly Louis XIV's system of absolute rule. 
B) was the fundamental seventeenth-century statement of divine-right monarchy. 
C) stressed that a limited monarchy with representative bodies was the most divine form of human government. 
D) claimed that a king's authority and power were revocable under the law of God. 
E) justified a "holy republic." 
A) rejected as ungodly Louis XIV's system of absolute rule. 
B) was the fundamental seventeenth-century statement of divine-right monarchy. 
C) stressed that a limited monarchy with representative bodies was the most divine form of human government. 
D) claimed that a king's authority and power were revocable under the law of God. 
E) justified a "holy republic."

Question 5

Compare and contrast the reigns of Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia and Peter the Great of Russia.How are their policies similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia

Question 6

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648

Accepted Answer

A) the German population was to be converted to Catholicism. 
B) all German states could choose their own religions, except for Calvinism. 
C) German states were allowed to determine their religion. 
D) the institution of the Holy Roman Empire was to be the ruling force in Germany for the next 100 years. 
E) the Holy Roman Empire was dismembered. 
A) the German population was to be converted to Catholicism. 
B) all German states could choose their own religions, except for Calvinism. 
C) German states were allowed to determine their religion. 
D) the institution of the Holy Roman Empire was to be the ruling force in Germany for the next 100 years. 
E) the Holy Roman Empire was dismembered.

Question 7

Cardinal Richelieu understood that, in Louis XIV's France, the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy was

Accepted Answer

A) the rising cost of warfare. 
B) witchcraft. 
C) resistance by the great nobles. 
D) armed uprisings by workers in Paris. 
E) peasant revolts in the countryside. 
A) the rising cost of warfare. 
B) witchcraft. 
C) resistance by the great nobles. 
D) armed uprisings by workers in Paris. 
E) peasant revolts in the countryside.

Question 8

Baroque art

Accepted Answer

A) was a revolt against the ideals of the Italian Renaissance. 
B) attempted to blend the feelings of the religious reformations with classical Renaissance art. 
C) was very similar to the French Impressionists of a later period. 
D) was eclectic, featuring elements of Renaissance, medieval, and Mannerist art. 
E) was a rejection of neo-classicism. 
A) was a revolt against the ideals of the Italian Renaissance. 
B) attempted to blend the feelings of the religious reformations with classical Renaissance art. 
C) was very similar to the French Impressionists of a later period. 
D) was eclectic, featuring elements of Renaissance, medieval, and Mannerist art. 
E) was a rejection of neo-classicism.

Question 9

The Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn was noted for

Accepted Answer

A) his formation of the French Academy of Painting and Sculptors. 
B) reflecting the values of the Dutch aristocracy in his works. 
C) being the one great Protestant painter of the seventeenth century. 
D) rejecting the Dutch preoccupation with realism for the Baroque style of French classicism. 
E) his moody paintings of elongated religious figures. 
A) his formation of the French Academy of Painting and Sculptors. 
B) reflecting the values of the Dutch aristocracy in his works. 
C) being the one great Protestant painter of the seventeenth century. 
D) rejecting the Dutch preoccupation with realism for the Baroque style of French classicism. 
E) his moody paintings of elongated religious figures.

Question 10

The witchcraft craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Accepted Answer

A) came out of the social unrest deriving from the shift from individualism to communalism. 
B) often targeted old, single women 
C) was minimal in comparison to the late Middle Ages. 
D) was primarily restricted to rural areas. 
E) all of these answers are correct. 
A) came out of the social unrest deriving from the shift from individualism to communalism. 
B) often targeted old, single women 
C) was minimal in comparison to the late Middle Ages. 
D) was primarily restricted to rural areas. 
E) all of these answers are correct.

Question 11

In 1529 and again in 1683, Vienna was seriously threatened by

Accepted Answer

A) Russia. 
B) France. 
C) Prussia. 
D) Austria. 
E) the Ottoman Empire. 
A) Russia. 
B) France. 
C) Prussia. 
D) Austria. 
E) the Ottoman Empire.

Question 12

Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by

Accepted Answer

A) encouraging an alliance with Spain. 
B) insisting on his right to govern through divine right. 
C) persecuting Puritans. 
D) lavishly spending money on the English army. 
E) playing favorites. 
A) encouraging an alliance with Spain. 
B) insisting on his right to govern through divine right. 
C) persecuting Puritans. 
D) lavishly spending money on the English army. 
E) playing favorites.

Question 14

What role did the nobility play in politics and government in Poland and England?

Accepted Answer

In both Poland and England, the nobility

Question 15

Under Charles II, Parliament passed the Test Act to

Accepted Answer

A) control the quality of food and drink coming from English colonies. 
B) improve the quality of university graduates. 
C) help Catholics gain government jobs. 
D) stipulate that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices. 
E) regulate promotions in the military. 
A) control the quality of food and drink coming from English colonies. 
B) improve the quality of university graduates. 
C) help Catholics gain government jobs. 
D) stipulate that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices. 
E) regulate promotions in the military.

Question 16

Jean-Baptiste Racine is considered the greatest writer of satirical comedies at the court of Louis XIV.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The French royal court of Versailles was located just outside the city of Marseilles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Following the Thirty Years' War, what country became dominant in Europe?

Accepted Answer

A) Sweden 
B) England 
C) Germany 
D) Spain 
E) France 
A) Sweden 
B) England 
C) Germany 
D) Spain 
E) France

Question 19

The Baroque artist who completed Saint Peter's Basilica and the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was

Accepted Answer

A) Rembrandt van Rijn. 
B) Gian Lorenzo Bernini. 
C) El Greco. 
D) Artemisia Gentileschi. 
E) Peter Paul Rubens. 
A) Rembrandt van Rijn. 
B) Gian Lorenzo Bernini. 
C) El Greco. 
D) Artemisia Gentileschi. 
E) Peter Paul Rubens.

Question 20

Absolutism means that

Accepted Answer

A) the real power in any state must be religious and exercised by the church. 
B) ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a king who rules by divine right. 
C) subordinate powers have an absolute right to overrule the king on conducting the affairs of state. 
D) no matter how humble, male citizens have an absolute right to participate in politics. 
E) rule by a secular dictator, justifying his/her authority by supposedly serving the people. 
A) the real power in any state must be religious and exercised by the church. 
B) ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a king who rules by divine right. 
C) subordinate powers have an absolute right to overrule the king on conducting the affairs of state. 
D) no matter how humble, male citizens have an absolute right to participate in politics. 
E) rule by a secular dictator, justifying his/her authority by supposedly serving the people.

Exam 15: State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

What were the causes of the Thirty Years' War, and what were the short-term and long-term consequences of the conflict?

Under the liberum veto, an act of the Polish Sejm could be vetoed by

Oliver Cromwell remains a polarizing figure in British history.What were his achievements, and how did his contemporaries assess his strengths and weaknesses?

Jacques Bossuet's Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture

Compare and contrast the reigns of Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia and Peter the Great of Russia.How are their policies similar? How are they different?

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648

Cardinal Richelieu understood that, in Louis XIV's France, the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy was

Baroque art

The Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn was noted for

The witchcraft craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

In 1529 and again in 1683, Vienna was seriously threatened by

Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King.

James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by

What role did the nobility play in politics and government in Poland and England?

Under Charles II, Parliament passed the Test Act to

Jean-Baptiste Racine is considered the greatest writer of satirical comedies at the court of Louis XIV.

The French royal court of Versailles was located just outside the city of Marseilles.

Following the Thirty Years' War, what country became dominant in Europe?

The Baroque artist who completed Saint Peter's Basilica and the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was

Absolutism means that

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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