Question 1

Organized religions in the seventeenth century

Accepted Answer

A) conceded the accomplishments of science and separated theology from science proper. 
B) rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world. 
C) contributed greatly to scientific research through work in cathedral schools. 
D) largely ignored science as merely a "toy for the minds of God's children." 
E) rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept the findings of modern science. 
A) conceded the accomplishments of science and separated theology from science proper. 
B) rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world. 
C) contributed greatly to scientific research through work in cathedral schools. 
D) largely ignored science as merely a "toy for the minds of God's children." 
E) rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept the findings of modern science. B

Question 2

Descartes asserted that he would accept only those things that the Bible said were true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Scholars devoted to Hermeticism

Accepted Answer

A) believed that the world was a very recent and still imperfect creation. 
B) credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C) saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D) retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) believed that the world was a very recent and still imperfect creation. 
B) credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C) saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D) retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E) All of these are correct. C

Question 4

Tycho Brahe agreed with Copernicus that the earth does indeed move.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The greatest achievements in science during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries came in what three areas?

Accepted Answer

A) astronomy, medicine, and mechanics 
B) astronomy, botany, and chemistry 
C) biology, mechanics, and ballistics 
D) engineering, physics, and dentistry 
E) biology, surgery, and astronomy 
A) astronomy, medicine, and mechanics 
B) astronomy, botany, and chemistry 
C) biology, mechanics, and ballistics 
D) engineering, physics, and dentistry 
E) biology, surgery, and astronomy

Question 6

Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?

Accepted Answer

A) It created a new "heaven" but had little impact on conceptions of the earth. 
B) It slightly modified the medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic worldview. 
C) It was a major turning point that represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge. 
D) It forcefully and deliberately attacked the moral foundation of a Christian civilization. 
E) It created a new "earth" but had little impact on conceptions of the universe. 
A) It created a new "heaven" but had little impact on conceptions of the earth. 
B) It slightly modified the medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic worldview. 
C) It was a major turning point that represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge. 
D) It forcefully and deliberately attacked the moral foundation of a Christian civilization. 
E) It created a new "earth" but had little impact on conceptions of the universe.

Question 7

Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by

Accepted Answer

A) disproving Galen's ancient theory of two separate blood systems. 
B) dissecting human rather than animal cadavers. 
C) advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine. 
D) rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors. 
E) discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body. 
A) disproving Galen's ancient theory of two separate blood systems. 
B) dissecting human rather than animal cadavers. 
C) advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine. 
D) rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors. 
E) discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.

Question 8

In his work Pensées, Pascal

Accepted Answer

A) showed that science and religion were incompatible. 
B) popularized the scientific method. 
C) offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory. 
D) attempted to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid by appealing to their reason and emotions. 
E) advocated the importance of quiet contemplation instead of public scientific discourse. 
A) showed that science and religion were incompatible. 
B) popularized the scientific method. 
C) offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory. 
D) attempted to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid by appealing to their reason and emotions. 
E) advocated the importance of quiet contemplation instead of public scientific discourse.

Question 9

The work of Blaise Pascal

Accepted Answer

A) succeeded in uniting Christianity and science. 
B) prioritized reason over faith. 
C) firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity. 
D) asserted that "finite man" was made secure and powerful in the new infinite world. 
E) believed that reason had limitations. 
A) succeeded in uniting Christianity and science. 
B) prioritized reason over faith. 
C) firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity. 
D) asserted that "finite man" was made secure and powerful in the new infinite world. 
E) believed that reason had limitations.

Question 10

The Scientific Revolution was not a revolution that explosively changed and rapidly overthrew traditional authority, but its results were truly revolutionary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Why is Descartes considered "the founder of modern rationalism," and how and why did rationalism influence the Western view of humankind?

Accepted Answer

Descartes is considered "the founder of

Question 12

For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to

Accepted Answer

A) false worship of nature. 
B) people using nature for their own self-interest. 
C) a lack of moral judgment of others. 
D) sexual perversion. 
E) the establishment of divine right monarchies. 
A) false worship of nature. 
B) people using nature for their own self-interest. 
C) a lack of moral judgment of others. 
D) sexual perversion. 
E) the establishment of divine right monarchies.

Question 13

Why were seventeenth-century European intellectuals so intent on developing methods of study for entire bodies and specific fields of human knowledge? What did it mean then to become a methodical (or systematic) thinker or researcher?

Accepted Answer

Seventeenth-century European intellectua

Question 14

All of the following are considered possible influences and causes of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by sixteenth-century universities. 
B) mathematical and naturalistic skills of Renaissance artists. 
C) the Hermetic belief in magic and alchemy. 
D) the humanists' rediscovery of Greek mathematicians and thinkers. 
E) the inspired work of a few intellectuals. 
A) the practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by sixteenth-century universities. 
B) mathematical and naturalistic skills of Renaissance artists. 
C) the Hermetic belief in magic and alchemy. 
D) the humanists' rediscovery of Greek mathematicians and thinkers. 
E) the inspired work of a few intellectuals.

Question 15

Benedict de Spinoza

Accepted Answer

A) believed that humans were created separate from nature in order to rule the earth. 
B) claimed that God was not just the creator the universe; God was the universe. 
C) gained fame for his acceptance of Descartes's theory about the separation between mind and matter. 
D) rejected all forms of pantheistic belief. 
E) disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe. 
A) believed that humans were created separate from nature in order to rule the earth. 
B) claimed that God was not just the creator the universe; God was the universe. 
C) gained fame for his acceptance of Descartes's theory about the separation between mind and matter. 
D) rejected all forms of pantheistic belief. 
E) disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe.

Question 16

The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning. 
B) speculative reasoning. 
C) deductive reasoning. 
D) triangulation. 
E) alchemy. 
A) inductive reasoning. 
B) speculative reasoning. 
C) deductive reasoning. 
D) triangulation. 
E) alchemy.

Question 17

On the Fabric of the Human Body

Accepted Answer

A) was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure. 
B) contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation. 
C) contained theories on a macrocosm-microcosm universe advanced by Paracelsus. 
D) was da Vinci's masterpiece that influenced so many doctors during the Renaissance. 
E) was Cavendish's theory of human dissection. 
A) was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure. 
B) contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation. 
C) contained theories on a macrocosm-microcosm universe advanced by Paracelsus. 
D) was da Vinci's masterpiece that influenced so many doctors during the Renaissance. 
E) was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.

Question 18

Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries

Accepted Answer

A) were resisted more in his own country, England, than in the rest of Europe. 
B) although readily accepted in his own country, were resisted on the continent. 
C) were modern in their removal of God from universal laws. 
D) were among the first to be printed in a language other than Latin. 
E) were condemned by the Church of England and the Archbishop of Canterbury. 
A) were resisted more in his own country, England, than in the rest of Europe. 
B) although readily accepted in his own country, were resisted on the continent. 
C) were modern in their removal of God from universal laws. 
D) were among the first to be printed in a language other than Latin. 
E) were condemned by the Church of England and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Question 19

Copernicus's major book was titled

Accepted Answer

A) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. 
B) Novum Organum. 
C) Principia. 
D) On the Motion of the Heart and Blood. 
E) The Great Instauration. 
A) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. 
B) Novum Organum. 
C) Principia. 
D) On the Motion of the Heart and Blood. 
E) The Great Instauration.

Question 20

The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was

Accepted Answer

A) Galileo. 
B) Copernicus. 
C) Brahe. 
D) Kepler. 
E) Newton. 
A) Galileo. 
B) Copernicus. 
C) Brahe. 
D) Kepler. 
E) Newton.

Exam 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

Organized religions in the seventeenth century

Descartes asserted that he would accept only those things that the Bible said were true.

Scholars devoted to Hermeticism

Tycho Brahe agreed with Copernicus that the earth does indeed move.

The greatest achievements in science during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries came in what three areas?

Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?

Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by

In his work Pensées, Pascal

The work of Blaise Pascal

The Scientific Revolution was not a revolution that explosively changed and rapidly overthrew traditional authority, but its results were truly revolutionary.

Why is Descartes considered "the founder of modern rationalism," and how and why did rationalism influence the Western view of humankind?

For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to

Why were seventeenth-century European intellectuals so intent on developing methods of study for entire bodies and specific fields of human knowledge? What did it mean then to become a methodical (or systematic) thinker or researcher?

All of the following are considered possible influences and causes of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT

Benedict de Spinoza

The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on

On the Fabric of the Human Body

Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries

Copernicus's major book was titled

The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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