Question 1

What impact did the growth of mass culture and mass leisure have upon European society in the 1920s and 1930s?

Accepted Answer

The growth of mass culture and mass leisure had a significant impact on European society in the 1920s and 1930s. This period saw the rise of new forms of entertainment, such as radio, cinema, and popular music, which became widely accessible to the general population. This led to a more homogenized and interconnected society, as people from different social and economic backgrounds were able to enjoy the same cultural experiences.

The spread of mass culture also had a democratizing effect, as it provided opportunities for people to engage in leisure activities and entertainment that were previously only available to the upper classes. This helped to break down traditional social barriers and create a more inclusive society.

At the same time, the growth of mass culture and leisure also raised concerns about the impact of consumerism and the loss of traditional values. Critics worried that the emphasis on entertainment and leisure was leading to a decline in moral standards and a loss of cultural identity.

Overall, the growth of mass culture and mass leisure in the 1920s and 1930s had a profound impact on European society, shaping the way people interacted with each other and influencing the cultural and social norms of the time.

Question 2

What were the causes of the Great Depression? How did the European states respond to the Great Depression?

Accepted Answer

The Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors, including the stock market crash of 1929, overproduction, and a decrease in consumer spending. The collapse of the stock market led to a loss of confidence in the economy, causing businesses to cut back on production and lay off workers. This, in turn, led to a decrease in consumer spending, further exacerbating the economic downturn.

In response to the Great Depression, European states implemented various measures to try to mitigate its effects. Many countries, such as Germany and the United Kingdom, adopted protectionist policies to shield their domestic industries from foreign competition. They also implemented public works programs to create jobs and stimulate economic growth. Additionally, some European countries, such as the United Kingdom, also introduced social welfare programs to provide assistance to those most affected by the economic crisis.

Overall, the European states responded to the Great Depression by implementing a combination of protectionist policies, public works programs, and social welfare initiatives in an attempt to address the economic challenges they were facing.

Question 3

The Nazis proved to be effective in the realm of politics by

Accepted Answer

A) securing many small donations from large German corporations. 
B) making the Nazi program appeal to every segment of German society. 
C) persuading the average German that their program was the only alternative to the inept Weimar regime. 
D) forcing the poorer Germans to vote for Nazi candidates through intimidation. 
E) unconstitutionally seizing power by force. 
A) securing many small donations from large German corporations. 
B) making the Nazi program appeal to every segment of German society. 
C) persuading the average German that their program was the only alternative to the inept Weimar regime. 
D) forcing the poorer Germans to vote for Nazi candidates through intimidation. 
E) unconstitutionally seizing power by force. B

Question 4

Artistic and intellectual trends in the interwar years reflected

Accepted Answer

A) a rejection of the avant-garde. 
B) a disillusionment with Western Civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I. 
C) realistic forms of art, as with the Dadaists. 
D) an acceptance of modern art forms, especially in Germany and Russia. 
E) a rediscovery of Romantic Realism as the major art movement in the West. 
A) a rejection of the avant-garde. 
B) a disillusionment with Western Civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I. 
C) realistic forms of art, as with the Dadaists. 
D) an acceptance of modern art forms, especially in Germany and Russia. 
E) a rediscovery of Romantic Realism as the major art movement in the West.

Question 5

Adolf Hitler lived in Vienna from 1908 to 1913 after his acceptance to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The film Triumph of the Will, which serves as an example of the propaganda potential of film, is a product of

Accepted Answer

A) Stalin's Soviet Union. 
B) Mussolini's Italy. 
C) Franco's Spain. 
D) Hitler's Germany. 
E) Salazar's Portugal. 
A) Stalin's Soviet Union. 
B) Mussolini's Italy. 
C) Franco's Spain. 
D) Hitler's Germany. 
E) Salazar's Portugal.

Question 7

The most famous and spectacular of the Nazi mass demonstrations were held in the city of

Accepted Answer

A) Berlin. 
B) Munich. 
C) Augsburg. 
D) Hamburg. 
E) Nuremberg. 
A) Berlin. 
B) Munich. 
C) Augsburg. 
D) Hamburg. 
E) Nuremberg.

Question 8

Which one of the following did NOT characterize the weakness of the League of Nations?

Accepted Answer

A) the failure of the United States to join. 
B) U.S.determination to be less involved in European affairs. 
C) U.S.determination to be more involved in European affairs. 
D) economic sanctions as the League's sole weapon. 
E) failure of the League to reprimand member states for acts of aggression. 
A) the failure of the United States to join. 
B) U.S.determination to be less involved in European affairs. 
C) U.S.determination to be more involved in European affairs. 
D) economic sanctions as the League's sole weapon. 
E) failure of the League to reprimand member states for acts of aggression.

Question 9

During the worst year of the depression, 1932, German unemployment stood at

Accepted Answer

A) 80 percent of the workforce. 
B) 65 percent of the workforce. 
C) 45 percent of the workforce. 
D) 25 percent of the workforce. 
E) 20 percent of the workforce. 
A) 80 percent of the workforce. 
B) 65 percent of the workforce. 
C) 45 percent of the workforce. 
D) 25 percent of the workforce. 
E) 20 percent of the workforce.

Question 10

The collectivization of agriculture under Stalin was characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) failure, and the peasants quickly returned to their private plots. 
B) the cooperation of kulaks. 
C) the destruction of the collective farms. 
D) immediate financial benefits for most of the peasants. 
E) widespread famine. 
A) failure, and the peasants quickly returned to their private plots. 
B) the cooperation of kulaks. 
C) the destruction of the collective farms. 
D) immediate financial benefits for most of the peasants. 
E) widespread famine.

Question 11

Lenin's New Economic Policy saved the Russian economy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Squadristi were

Accepted Answer

A) the closest advisors of Mussolini. 
B) armed bands of Fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies. 
C) elite soldiers of the Fascist state. 
D) officers in the Italian military. 
E) military opponents of Mussolini. 
A) the closest advisors of Mussolini. 
B) armed bands of Fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies. 
C) elite soldiers of the Fascist state. 
D) officers in the Italian military. 
E) military opponents of Mussolini.

Question 13

Walter Gropius was best known for his

Accepted Answer

A) "socialist realism" paintings. 
B) atonal, experimental music. 
C) revolutionary directions in theater. 
D) post-modern architectural designs. 
E) ideas of functionalism in architecture. 
A) "socialist realism" paintings. 
B) atonal, experimental music. 
C) revolutionary directions in theater. 
D) post-modern architectural designs. 
E) ideas of functionalism in architecture.

Question 14

The dominant form of government in Eastern Europe in the 1920s and 1930s was

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarianism. 
B) Russian Soviet-style Communism. 
C) parliamentary democracy. 
D) Christian Socialism. 
E) republicanism. 
A) authoritarianism. 
B) Russian Soviet-style Communism. 
C) parliamentary democracy. 
D) Christian Socialism. 
E) republicanism.

Question 15

Hitler's anti-Semitic policies in the 1930s

Accepted Answer

A) included the Nuremberg laws, which centered on the forced emigration of all Jews from Germany. 
B) were emulated in France by the Popular Front. 
C) did not exclude Jews from legal, medical, and teaching positions. 
D) would remain minimal and unorganized until World War II. 
E) reached their most violent phase during Kristallnacht, with attacks on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues. 
A) included the Nuremberg laws, which centered on the forced emigration of all Jews from Germany. 
B) were emulated in France by the Popular Front. 
C) did not exclude Jews from legal, medical, and teaching positions. 
D) would remain minimal and unorganized until World War II. 
E) reached their most violent phase during Kristallnacht, with attacks on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

Question 16

The Dawes Plan

Accepted Answer

A) gave formal American approval to the French occupation of the Ruhr valley. 
B) increased Germany's reparation payments in the face of fear Germany would default. 
C) was a failed treaty between Germany and Austria over Germany's southern border. 
D) granted a $200 million loan for German recovery. 
E) was a treaty guaranteeing the border between Germany and Poland. 
A) gave formal American approval to the French occupation of the Ruhr valley. 
B) increased Germany's reparation payments in the face of fear Germany would default. 
C) was a failed treaty between Germany and Austria over Germany's southern border. 
D) granted a $200 million loan for German recovery. 
E) was a treaty guaranteeing the border between Germany and Poland.

Question 17

Mussolini came to power and made Italy the first Fascist nation in 1922 as the result of a violent civil war that drove King Victor Emmanuel III into exile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Efforts to maintain European peace following World War I included

Accepted Answer

A) a three-way alliance between Great Britain, France, and the Weimar Republic. 
B) the addition of an armed international security force to the League of Nations. 
C) an inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente. 
D) increased intervention by the United States in European political affairs. 
E) the belated United States decision to join the League of Nations. 
A) a three-way alliance between Great Britain, France, and the Weimar Republic. 
B) the addition of an armed international security force to the League of Nations. 
C) an inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente. 
D) increased intervention by the United States in European political affairs. 
E) the belated United States decision to join the League of Nations.

Question 19

After the failure of his Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, Hitler made the decision to establish a political party that could compete in Germany's democratic election process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The Stalinist era in the 1930s witnessed

Accepted Answer

A) the decline of industrialization in favor of the collectivization of agriculture. 
B) real wages and social conditions for the industrial labor force improve dramatically. 
C) millions of ordinary citizens arrested and sent into force labor camps. 
D) an abundance of permissive social legislation. 
E) an activist foreign and military policy, bent upon immediately making Eastern Europe a satellite region to the Soviet Union. 
A) the decline of industrialization in favor of the collectivization of agriculture. 
B) real wages and social conditions for the industrial labor force improve dramatically. 
C) millions of ordinary citizens arrested and sent into force labor camps. 
D) an abundance of permissive social legislation. 
E) an activist foreign and military policy, bent upon immediately making Eastern Europe a satellite region to the Soviet Union.

Exam 26: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939

What impact did the growth of mass culture and mass leisure have upon European society in the 1920s and 1930s?

What were the causes of the Great Depression? How did the European states respond to the Great Depression?

The Nazis proved to be effective in the realm of politics by

Artistic and intellectual trends in the interwar years reflected

Adolf Hitler lived in Vienna from 1908 to 1913 after his acceptance to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.

The film Triumph of the Will, which serves as an example of the propaganda potential of film, is a product of

The most famous and spectacular of the Nazi mass demonstrations were held in the city of

Which one of the following did NOT characterize the weakness of the League of Nations?

During the worst year of the depression, 1932, German unemployment stood at

The collectivization of agriculture under Stalin was characterized by

Lenin's New Economic Policy saved the Russian economy.

Squadristi were

Walter Gropius was best known for his

The dominant form of government in Eastern Europe in the 1920s and 1930s was

Hitler's anti-Semitic policies in the 1930s

The Dawes Plan

Mussolini came to power and made Italy the first Fascist nation in 1922 as the result of a violent civil war that drove King Victor Emmanuel III into exile.

Efforts to maintain European peace following World War I included

After the failure of his Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, Hitler made the decision to establish a political party that could compete in Germany's democratic election process.

The Stalinist era in the 1930s witnessed

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

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Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

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