Question 1

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus,it can be said that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait 
B) mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed from parent to offspring 
C) predisposition to these cancers is inherited 
D) lifestyle will have little impact on cancer risk for these individuals 
A) these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait 
B) mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed from parent to offspring 
C) predisposition to these cancers is inherited 
D) lifestyle will have little impact on cancer risk for these individuals C

Question 2

In prokaryotes,the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) an operon 
B) enhancers 
C) a signal transduction pathway 
D) transcription factors 
A) an operon 
B) enhancers 
C) a signal transduction pathway 
D) transcription factors A

Question 3

Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A) therapeutic cloning 
B) DNA microarray 
C) reproductive cloning 
D) karyotyping 
A) therapeutic cloning 
B) DNA microarray 
C) reproductive cloning 
D) karyotyping B

Question 4

DNA microarrays can be used to determine relative levels of gene expression between samples.DNA microarrays are usually interpreted by color: green means higher mRNA levels,yellow means equal levels,and red means lower levels.If you ran the samples from the temperature experiment on a DNA microarray using the 25°C experiment as a baseline,what results do you predict you would obtain?

Accepted Answer

A) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be green and the samples from the 10°C would be red. 
B) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be red and the samples from the 10°C would be green. 
C) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be green and the samples from the 10°C would be yellow. 
D) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be yellow and the samples from the 10°C would be red. 
A) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be green and the samples from the 10°C would be red. 
B) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be red and the samples from the 10°C would be green. 
C) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be green and the samples from the 10°C would be yellow. 
D) The samples from the 37°C experiment would be yellow and the samples from the 10°C would be red.

Question 5

Jim learned that some cancer cells produce more growth-stimulating proteins than others.What would you give him as a plausible explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) Tumor suppressor genes may have been activated in these cells. 
B) Proto-oncogenes may have mutated to become oncogenes in these cells. 
C) Mutations in homeotic genes may be responsible. 
D) This may result from vitamin C and vitamin E deficiencies. 
A) Tumor suppressor genes may have been activated in these cells. 
B) Proto-oncogenes may have mutated to become oncogenes in these cells. 
C) Mutations in homeotic genes may be responsible. 
D) This may result from vitamin C and vitamin E deficiencies.

Question 6

Cells communicate with one another via ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cascades of gene activation 
B) the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions 
C) signal transduction pathways 
D) RNA splicing 
A) cascades of gene activation 
B) the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions 
C) signal transduction pathways 
D) RNA splicing

Question 7

When referring to cell division,oncogenes are most like ________ while tumor suppressor genes are most like ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the brakes on a car… the gas pedal on a car 
B) the gas pedal on a car… the brakes on a car 
C) the steering wheel on a car… the gas pedal on a car 
D) the brakes on a car… the steering wheel on a car 
A) the brakes on a car… the gas pedal on a car 
B) the gas pedal on a car… the brakes on a car 
C) the steering wheel on a car… the gas pedal on a car 
D) the brakes on a car… the steering wheel on a car

Question 8

Which risk factor is associated with cancer of the colon and rectum?

Accepted Answer

A) tobacco 
B) viruses 
C) UV radiation 
D) dietary fat 
A) tobacco 
B) viruses 
C) UV radiation 
D) dietary fat

Question 9

Homeotic genes ________.

Accepted Answer

A) have very different sequences in plant cells as compared to animal cells 
B) are an example of convergent evolution 
C) are evidence of the common ancestry of eukaryotic organisms 
D) regulate gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 
A) have very different sequences in plant cells as compared to animal cells 
B) are an example of convergent evolution 
C) are evidence of the common ancestry of eukaryotic organisms 
D) regulate gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 10

Jim came across an advertisement for an herbal supplement that claimed to cure lung cancer by targeting precancerous cells in the lungs.If this claim were true,which of the following is a possible mechanism by which it may act?

Accepted Answer

A) The supplement would increase mutation rates in proto-oncogenes. 
B) The supplement would inhibit the production of tumor suppressor proteins. 
C) The supplement would stimulate translation of growth factors 
D) The supplement would restrict the transcription of oncogenes. 
A) The supplement would increase mutation rates in proto-oncogenes. 
B) The supplement would inhibit the production of tumor suppressor proteins. 
C) The supplement would stimulate translation of growth factors 
D) The supplement would restrict the transcription of oncogenes.

Question 11

Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) operator 
B) proto-oncogene 
C) regulatory gene 
D) promoter 
A) operator 
B) proto-oncogene 
C) regulatory gene 
D) promoter

Question 12

________ is(are)responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen.

Accepted Answer

A) Asbestos 
B) UV radiation 
C) Tobacco 
D) X-rays 
A) Asbestos 
B) UV radiation 
C) Tobacco 
D) X-rays

Question 13

What can you conclude from these results?

Accepted Answer

A) Unpacking of the hexokinase gene occurs only at 37°C. 
B) Transcription of the hexokinase gene occurs less frequently at lower temperatures. 
C) The levels of hexokinase protein are not affected by temperature. 
D) Translation of the hexokinase gene occurs more frequently at higher temperatures. 
A) Unpacking of the hexokinase gene occurs only at 37°C. 
B) Transcription of the hexokinase gene occurs less frequently at lower temperatures. 
C) The levels of hexokinase protein are not affected by temperature. 
D) Translation of the hexokinase gene occurs more frequently at higher temperatures.

Question 14

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

Accepted Answer

A) The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression. 
B) Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells. 
C) The cells contain different genes. 
D) The mutations that have accumulated in the cells of the different tissues control functions. 
A) The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression. 
B) Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells. 
C) The cells contain different genes. 
D) The mutations that have accumulated in the cells of the different tissues control functions.

Question 15

Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) oncogene 
B) tumor-suppressor gene 
C) proto-oncogene 
D) silencer 
A) oncogene 
B) tumor-suppressor gene 
C) proto-oncogene 
D) silencer

Question 16

Which of these lifestyle choices will increase cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

A) jogging 
B) spending less time in the sun 
C) a diet low in plant fiber 
D) quitting smoking 
A) jogging 
B) spending less time in the sun 
C) a diet low in plant fiber 
D) quitting smoking

Question 17

In a eukaryotic cell an abnormal protein is binding to the promoter for a gene.Which of the following processes will likely occur in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcription factors will bind to enhancers. 
B) Transcription factors will bind to the promoter. 
C) The gene will be expressed normally. 
D) RNA polymerase will bind to the promoter. 
A) Transcription factors will bind to enhancers. 
B) Transcription factors will bind to the promoter. 
C) The gene will be expressed normally. 
D) RNA polymerase will bind to the promoter.

Question 18

In an operon,the ________ acts as an on/off switch.

Accepted Answer

A) operator 
B) promoter 
C) activator 
D) repressor 
A) operator 
B) promoter 
C) activator 
D) repressor

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of how tumors evolve?

Accepted Answer

A) Tumor cells can spread throughout the body. 
B) Tumor cells show genetic variability. 
C) Tumor cells grow uncontrollably. 
D) Tumor cells pass on mutations when they divide. 
A) Tumor cells can spread throughout the body. 
B) Tumor cells show genetic variability. 
C) Tumor cells grow uncontrollably. 
D) Tumor cells pass on mutations when they divide.

Question 20

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA splicing 
B) attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
C) transcription factors 
D) gene operons 
A) RNA splicing 
B) attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
C) transcription factors 
D) gene operons

Exam 11: How Genes Are Controlled

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus,it can be said that ________.

In prokaryotes,the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of ________.

Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Jim learned that some cancer cells produce more growth-stimulating proteins than others.What would you give him as a plausible explanation?

Cells communicate with one another via ________.

When referring to cell division,oncogenes are most like ________ while tumor suppressor genes are most like ________.

Which risk factor is associated with cancer of the colon and rectum?

Homeotic genes ________.

Jim came across an advertisement for an herbal supplement that claimed to cure lung cancer by targeting precancerous cells in the lungs.If this claim were true,which of the following is a possible mechanism by which it may act?

Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.

________ is(are)responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen.

What can you conclude from these results?

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n)________.

Which of these lifestyle choices will increase cancer risk?

In a eukaryotic cell an abnormal protein is binding to the promoter for a gene.Which of the following processes will likely occur in this scenario?

In an operon,the ________ acts as an on/off switch.

Which of the following is NOT an example of how tumors evolve?

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous,Sensory,and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters

When referring to cell division,oncogenes are most like while tumor suppressor genes are most like .