Question 1

________ is the general term for a chemical released by the endings of neurons into the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

Neurohormone

Question 2

The types of cells that are specialized to communicate with other cells and control their activities are

Accepted Answer

A) epithelial cells. 
B) muscle cells. 
C) connective tissue cells. 
D) neurons. 
E) Two of the choices are correct. 
A) epithelial cells. 
B) muscle cells. 
C) connective tissue cells. 
D) neurons. 
E) Two of the choices are correct. D

Question 3

Some adults have the ability to digest lactose in milk.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) None of the choices are correct. D

Question 4

Organs are generally composed of only one kind of tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

After spending several days at a high altitude,where oxygen pressure is low,a person will begin to produce more red blood cells,which enhances the ability of blood to carry oxygen to the tissues.What term best describes this type of response?

Accepted Answer

A) Developmental acclimatization 
B) Positive feedback 
C) Physiological acclimatization 
D) Feedforward regulation 
E) Evolution 
A) Developmental acclimatization 
B) Positive feedback 
C) Physiological acclimatization 
D) Feedforward regulation 
E) Evolution

Question 6

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for transporting blood to the body's tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The interstitial fluid refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the fluid within the cells. 
B) the plasma. 
C) the fluid between the cells. 
D) the plasma and fluid between the cells. 
E) the fluid between the cells and the fluid within the cells. 
A) the fluid within the cells. 
B) the plasma. 
C) the fluid between the cells. 
D) the plasma and fluid between the cells. 
E) the fluid between the cells and the fluid within the cells.

Question 8

If the amount of sodium in the blood decreases,what would a negative feedback control mechanism be expected to do?

Accepted Answer

A) Decrease the amount of sodium in the blood 
B) Increase the amount of sodium in the blood 
C) Leave the amount of sodium unchanged 
D) Change the set point for sodium 
E) Inhibit the ingestion of more sodium 
A) Decrease the amount of sodium in the blood 
B) Increase the amount of sodium in the blood 
C) Leave the amount of sodium unchanged 
D) Change the set point for sodium 
E) Inhibit the ingestion of more sodium

Question 9

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

Accepted Answer

A) The rate the body produces the substance 
B) The rate the substance is secreted from the body 
C) The rate the substance is metabolized by the body 
D) The difference between the amount of substance lost from the body and the amount gained the body 
E) The amount produced by the body minus the amount metabolized by the body 
A) The rate the body produces the substance 
B) The rate the substance is secreted from the body 
C) The rate the substance is metabolized by the body 
D) The difference between the amount of substance lost from the body and the amount gained the body 
E) The amount produced by the body minus the amount metabolized by the body

Question 10

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A) Signals from the integrating center to receptors 
B) The route by which receptors send signals to effectors 
C) Signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center 
D) The route by which effector organs send signals to receptors 
E) The route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs 
A) Signals from the integrating center to receptors 
B) The route by which receptors send signals to effectors 
C) Signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center 
D) The route by which effector organs send signals to receptors 
E) The route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs

Question 11

During childbirth,as a baby's head is pressed against the mother's cervix,signals are relayed via nerves from cervix to the mother's brain.The brain initiates the secretion of oxytocin (a hormone)from the mother's pituitary gland.Oxytocin stimulates further uterine contractions.As the uterus contracts even harder in response to oxytocin,the baby's head is pushed harder against the cervix;this stimulates yet more nerve signals to the mother's brain,resulting in yet more oxytocin secretion until finally the baby is pushed through the cervix.The effector in this process of childbirth is

Accepted Answer

A) the mother's brain. 
B) the mother's cervix. 
C) the nerve signals to the mother's brain. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) the mother's pituitary gland. 
A) the mother's brain. 
B) the mother's cervix. 
C) the nerve signals to the mother's brain. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) the mother's pituitary gland.

Question 12

What is a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) A chemical released from a nerve cell that affects nearby cells across a synapse 
B) A chemical released from an endocrine gland that affects target cells without entering the bloodstream 
C) A chemical found in the blood that catalyzes the destruction of ingested toxins and foreign substances 
D) A chemical found in the sweat that signals other individuals about the physiological status of the body 
E) A chemical regulator secreted from an endocrine gland that travels through the bloodstream to affect target cells 
A) A chemical released from a nerve cell that affects nearby cells across a synapse 
B) A chemical released from an endocrine gland that affects target cells without entering the bloodstream 
C) A chemical found in the blood that catalyzes the destruction of ingested toxins and foreign substances 
D) A chemical found in the sweat that signals other individuals about the physiological status of the body 
E) A chemical regulator secreted from an endocrine gland that travels through the bloodstream to affect target cells

Question 13

Which equation is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Extracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = whole body fluid volume 
B) Intracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
C) Extracellular fluid volume - interstitial fluid volume = plasma volume 
D) Plasma volume + intracellular fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
E) Total body fluid volume - intracellular fluid volume = interstitial fluid volume 
A) Extracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = whole body fluid volume 
B) Intracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
C) Extracellular fluid volume - interstitial fluid volume = plasma volume 
D) Plasma volume + intracellular fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
E) Total body fluid volume - intracellular fluid volume = interstitial fluid volume

Question 14

Heart rate is increased by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) endocrine control. 
B) exocrine control. 
C) paracrine control. 
D) direct neural control. 
E) positive feedback. 
A) endocrine control. 
B) exocrine control. 
C) paracrine control. 
D) direct neural control. 
E) positive feedback.

Question 15

Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) A person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat profusely. 
B) After going outside on a hot day,the core body temperature increases. 
C) Increasing the size of fast-food restaurant portions causes body weight to increase. 
D) After eating a large batch of salty popcorn,levels of salt in the urine increase. 
E) As age increases,the amount of calcium in bones tends to decrease. 
A) A person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat profusely. 
B) After going outside on a hot day,the core body temperature increases. 
C) Increasing the size of fast-food restaurant portions causes body weight to increase. 
D) After eating a large batch of salty popcorn,levels of salt in the urine increase. 
E) As age increases,the amount of calcium in bones tends to decrease.

Question 16

Shivering in response to a cold draft is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a homeostatic mechanism. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) acclimation. 
E) Two of the choices are correct. 
A) a homeostatic mechanism. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) acclimation. 
E) Two of the choices are correct.

Question 17

The tall slender body shape that helps to dissipate heat in people native to equatorial regions is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an adaptation. 
B) acclimatization. 
C) set point resetting. 
D) homeostasis. 
E) phase shift. 
A) an adaptation. 
B) acclimatization. 
C) set point resetting. 
D) homeostasis. 
E) phase shift.

Question 18

Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus,effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor 
B) Stimulus,receptor,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,effector 
C) Stimulus,receptor,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,effector 
D) Stimulus,effector,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,receptor 
E) Effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor,stimulus 
A) Stimulus,effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor 
B) Stimulus,receptor,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,effector 
C) Stimulus,receptor,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,effector 
D) Stimulus,effector,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,receptor 
E) Effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor,stimulus

Question 19

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which concept is the defining feature of the discipline of physiology?

Accepted Answer

A) Descent with modification 
B) Homeostasis 
C) Evolution 
D) Equilibrium 
E) Differentiation 
A) Descent with modification 
B) Homeostasis 
C) Evolution 
D) Equilibrium 
E) Differentiation

________ is the general term for a chemical released by the endings of neurons into the bloodstream.

The types of cells that are specialized to communicate with other cells and control their activities are

Some adults have the ability to digest lactose in milk.This is an example of

Organs are generally composed of only one kind of tissue.

After spending several days at a high altitude,where oxygen pressure is low,a person will begin to produce more red blood cells,which enhances the ability of blood to carry oxygen to the tissues.What term best describes this type of response?

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for transporting blood to the body's tissues.

The interstitial fluid refers to

If the amount of sodium in the blood decreases,what would a negative feedback control mechanism be expected to do?

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

What is a hormone?

Which equation is most accurate?

Heart rate is increased by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream.This is an example of

Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism?

Shivering in response to a cold draft is an example of

The tall slender body shape that helps to dissipate heat in people native to equatorial regions is an example of

Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc?

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

Which concept is the defining feature of the discipline of physiology?

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signalling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 1: Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology

________ is the general term for a chemical released by the endings of neurons into the bloodstream.

The types of cells that are specialized to communicate with other cells and control their activities are

Some adults have the ability to digest lactose in milk.This is an example of

Organs are generally composed of only one kind of tissue.

After spending several days at a high altitude,where oxygen pressure is low,a person will begin to produce more red blood cells,which enhances the ability of blood to carry oxygen to the tissues.What term best describes this type of response?

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for transporting blood to the body's tissues.

The interstitial fluid refers to

If the amount of sodium in the blood decreases,what would a negative feedback control mechanism be expected to do?

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

What is a hormone?

Which equation is most accurate?

Heart rate is increased by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream.This is an example of

Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism?

Shivering in response to a cold draft is an example of

The tall slender body shape that helps to dissipate heat in people native to equatorial regions is an example of

Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc?

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

Which concept is the defining feature of the discipline of physiology?

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signalling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters