Question 1

Which best describes the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) It is found just inside the cell membrane in all tissues,it sends branching collagen fibers between cells to connect them,and it transmits chemical information from the interior of one cell to the interior of adjacent cells. 
B) It is a tissue having more than the four general cell types,it transports proteins and polysaccharides between body compartments,and it is the route by which chemical signals like hormones reach all parts of the body. 
C) It covers the body's surface,it contains connective and muscle tissue,and it helps generate movement. 
D) It surrounds cells;it contains proteins,polysaccharides,and minerals;it provides a scaffold for cell attachment;and it transmits chemical messengers to cells. 
A) It is found just inside the cell membrane in all tissues,it sends branching collagen fibers between cells to connect them,and it transmits chemical information from the interior of one cell to the interior of adjacent cells. 
B) It is a tissue having more than the four general cell types,it transports proteins and polysaccharides between body compartments,and it is the route by which chemical signals like hormones reach all parts of the body. 
C) It covers the body's surface,it contains connective and muscle tissue,and it helps generate movement. 
D) It surrounds cells;it contains proteins,polysaccharides,and minerals;it provides a scaffold for cell attachment;and it transmits chemical messengers to cells.

Question 2

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury.What is the overall protein state of the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive protein balance 
B) Negative protein balance 
C) Stable protein balance 
D) A state that can't be determined 
A) Positive protein balance 
B) Negative protein balance 
C) Stable protein balance 
D) A state that can't be determined

Question 3

During childbirth,as a baby's head is pressed against the mother's cervix,signals are relayed via nerves from cervix to the mother's brain.The brain initiates the secretion of oxytocin (a hormone)from the mother's pituitary gland.Oxytocin stimulates further uterine contractions.As the uterus contracts even harder in response to oxytocin,the baby's head is pushed harder against the cervix;this stimulates yet more nerve signals to the mother's brain,resulting in yet more oxytocin secretion until finally the baby is pushed through the cervix.This process of childbirth is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) acclimatization. 
A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) acclimatization.

Question 4

How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A) Endocrine glands can be receptors,and hormones can be effectors. 
B) Endocrine glands can be integrating centers,and hormones can be efferent pathways. 
C) Endocrine glands can be efferent pathways,and hormones can be effectors. 
D) Endocrine glands are not part of reflex mechanisms,but hormones can be afferent or efferent pathways. 
E) They are not involved;reflexes only involve actions of the nervous system. 
A) Endocrine glands can be receptors,and hormones can be effectors. 
B) Endocrine glands can be integrating centers,and hormones can be efferent pathways. 
C) Endocrine glands can be efferent pathways,and hormones can be effectors. 
D) Endocrine glands are not part of reflex mechanisms,but hormones can be afferent or efferent pathways. 
E) They are not involved;reflexes only involve actions of the nervous system.

Question 5

The negative feedback system is much more common than the positive feedback system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

As soon as a person sees a cup of lemon juice,they start to salivate.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with what main characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A) They are cyclical,like the 28-day female menstrual cycle. 
B) They are cyclical,like the rhythmic beating of the heart. 
C) They are voluntary rhythms,like the time you decide to eat lunch each day. 
D) They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment. 
E) They repeat approximately every 24 hours,like daily spikes in hormone secretion. 
A) They are cyclical,like the 28-day female menstrual cycle. 
B) They are cyclical,like the rhythmic beating of the heart. 
C) They are voluntary rhythms,like the time you decide to eat lunch each day. 
D) They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment. 
E) They repeat approximately every 24 hours,like daily spikes in hormone secretion.

Question 8

What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Fat storage 
B) Anchoring body structures 
C) Forming boundaries between body compartments 
D) Generating movement 
E) Transmitting electrical signals 
A) Fat storage 
B) Anchoring body structures 
C) Forming boundaries between body compartments 
D) Generating movement 
E) Transmitting electrical signals

Question 9

What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) To maintain a constant internal environment 
B) To anticipate changes in the environment 
C) To return a variable toward the set point 
D) To bring about a rapid change in the body 
E) To detect changes in the external environment 
A) To maintain a constant internal environment 
B) To anticipate changes in the environment 
C) To return a variable toward the set point 
D) To bring about a rapid change in the body 
E) To detect changes in the external environment

Question 10

When a blood vessel is injured,it releases chemicals that activate platelets and cause them to stick to the injury site.The activated platelets in turn release more chemicals and attract more platelets to the injury site until the wound is fully sealed.This process of blood clotting is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) acclimatization. 
A) negative feedback. 
B) positive feedback. 
C) feedforward regulation. 
D) adaptation. 
E) acclimatization.

Question 11

When loss of a substance from the body exceeds gain,the body is said to be in positive balance for that substance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An experimental subject is isolated in an underground room with no windows,no clocks,and no contact with the outside world.Researchers monitoring his behavior observe that he eats breakfast a little bit later each day.What term best describes the subject's biological activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Circadian rhythm 
B) Free-running rhythm 
C) Jet lag 
D) Phase shift 
E) Entrainment 
A) Circadian rhythm 
B) Free-running rhythm 
C) Jet lag 
D) Phase shift 
E) Entrainment

Question 13

The internal environment of the body refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the plasma. 
B) the interstitial fluid. 
C) the intracellular fluid. 
D) the interstitial fluid and the intracellular fluid combined. 
E) the plasma,the interstitial fluid,and the intracellular fluid combined. 
A) the plasma. 
B) the interstitial fluid. 
C) the intracellular fluid. 
D) the interstitial fluid and the intracellular fluid combined. 
E) the plasma,the interstitial fluid,and the intracellular fluid combined.

Question 14

How is autocrine regulation best described?

Accepted Answer

A) Chemical regulators are released directly into blood vessels. 
B) Chemical regulators released by cells affect the functional status of different kinds of cells in the vicinity of the secretory cell. 
C) Chemical regulators affect the same cells that produce them. 
D) Chemical regulators reach their site of action through a duct. 
E) Chemical regulators are continuously released in constant amounts by the cell. 
A) Chemical regulators are released directly into blood vessels. 
B) Chemical regulators released by cells affect the functional status of different kinds of cells in the vicinity of the secretory cell. 
C) Chemical regulators affect the same cells that produce them. 
D) Chemical regulators reach their site of action through a duct. 
E) Chemical regulators are continuously released in constant amounts by the cell.

Question 15

Which of components of a general reflex arc are listed in the order information typically flows through them following a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) Effector,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,receptor 
B) Effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor 
C) Integrating center,receptor,afferent pathway,efferent pathway,effector 
D) Receptor,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,effector 
E) Receptor,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,effector 
A) Effector,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,receptor 
B) Effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor 
C) Integrating center,receptor,afferent pathway,efferent pathway,effector 
D) Receptor,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,effector 
E) Receptor,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,effector

Question 16

Describing a physiological variable as "homeostatic" means that it

Accepted Answer

A) has varied from the normal value,and will remain constant at the new value. 
B) never varies from an exact set point value. 
C) is in an equilibrium state that requires no energy input to stay at the normal value. 
D) is in a state of dynamic constancy that is regulated to remain near a stable set point value. 
E) has no normal range,but will just change to match the outside environmental conditions. 
A) has varied from the normal value,and will remain constant at the new value. 
B) never varies from an exact set point value. 
C) is in an equilibrium state that requires no energy input to stay at the normal value. 
D) is in a state of dynamic constancy that is regulated to remain near a stable set point value. 
E) has no normal range,but will just change to match the outside environmental conditions.

Question 17

The study of disease states in the body is called

Accepted Answer

A) pathophysiology. 
B) anatomy. 
C) homeostasis. 
D) differentiation. 
E) histology. 
A) pathophysiology. 
B) anatomy. 
C) homeostasis. 
D) differentiation. 
E) histology.

Question 18

A protein is found in blood that is produced by the pancreas and acts on receptors of cells in the liver.What type of physiological regulator is it most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A) A hormone 
B) An autocrine signal 
C) A paracrine signal 
D) A neurotransmitter 
E) An enzyme 
A) A hormone 
B) An autocrine signal 
C) A paracrine signal 
D) A neurotransmitter 
E) An enzyme

Question 19

The number of distinct cell types in the human body is about twenty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which situation describes a feedforward mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood glucose returns toward normal an hour after a meal. 
B) The smell of rotten food on a plate triggers the vomit reflex. 
C) A drop in core body temperature triggers shivering. 
D) An increase in core body temperature stimulates sweating. 
E) Food in the stomach triggers the production of stomach acid. 
A) Blood glucose returns toward normal an hour after a meal. 
B) The smell of rotten food on a plate triggers the vomit reflex. 
C) A drop in core body temperature triggers shivering. 
D) An increase in core body temperature stimulates sweating. 
E) Food in the stomach triggers the production of stomach acid.

Which best describes the extracellular matrix?

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury.What is the overall protein state of the patient?

How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?

The negative feedback system is much more common than the positive feedback system.

As soon as a person sees a cup of lemon juice,they start to salivate.This is an example of

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with what main characteristic?

What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?

What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?

When a blood vessel is injured,it releases chemicals that activate platelets and cause them to stick to the injury site.The activated platelets in turn release more chemicals and attract more platelets to the injury site until the wound is fully sealed.This process of blood clotting is an example of

When loss of a substance from the body exceeds gain,the body is said to be in positive balance for that substance.

An experimental subject is isolated in an underground room with no windows,no clocks,and no contact with the outside world.Researchers monitoring his behavior observe that he eats breakfast a little bit later each day.What term best describes the subject's biological activity?

The internal environment of the body refers to

How is autocrine regulation best described?

Which of components of a general reflex arc are listed in the order information typically flows through them following a stimulus?

Describing a physiological variable as "homeostatic" means that it

The study of disease states in the body is called

A protein is found in blood that is produced by the pancreas and acts on receptors of cells in the liver.What type of physiological regulator is it most likely to be?

The number of distinct cell types in the human body is about twenty.

Which situation describes a feedforward mechanism?

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signalling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 1: Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology

Which best describes the extracellular matrix?

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury.What is the overall protein state of the patient?

How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?

The negative feedback system is much more common than the positive feedback system.

As soon as a person sees a cup of lemon juice,they start to salivate.This is an example of

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with what main characteristic?

What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?

What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?

When loss of a substance from the body exceeds gain,the body is said to be in positive balance for that substance.

An experimental subject is isolated in an underground room with no windows,no clocks,and no contact with the outside world.Researchers monitoring his behavior observe that he eats breakfast a little bit later each day.What term best describes the subject's biological activity?

The internal environment of the body refers to

How is autocrine regulation best described?

Which of components of a general reflex arc are listed in the order information typically flows through them following a stimulus?

Describing a physiological variable as "homeostatic" means that it

The study of disease states in the body is called

A protein is found in blood that is produced by the pancreas and acts on receptors of cells in the liver.What type of physiological regulator is it most likely to be?

The number of distinct cell types in the human body is about twenty.

Which situation describes a feedforward mechanism?

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signalling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters