Exam 4: From Concepts to Models: Hypotheses, Operationalization, and Measurement

Danilo is going to study the way middle schoolers develop a sense of identity around academic performance.He decides to conduct a qualitative study using ethnographic methods to learn more about these processes.In this study,Danilo is almost certainly likely to establish the operational definitions of his key concepts

Josephina is designing a study on how school-level graduation rates predict students' risk of illegal drug use.Her research question is focused on the effect of being

Qualitative research,often using an inductive approach,typically starts with data collection,which means that conceptualization and operationalization

Sarah is designing an international study of the effect of age composition on voting behaviors.After deciding to compare older,middle-aged,and young nations on rates of voting in national-level elections,she will assign values to the age composition variable,categorizing them by those who have at least 12% of residents who are over 64,those who have at least 35% of residents who are under 15,and those who have neither a high number of young or old residents.In assigning these values,Sarah is choosing

Write one paragraph describing a research project that includes the problem of an ecological fallacy,making sure to include a clear definition of the ecological fallacy and to clearly connect this definition to your example.

A study on the effect of adolescents' criminal behavior on their likelihood of graduating high school asks adolescents about their own criminal behavior,but uses county-level high-school graduation rates.This study has a problem,which is

In a study of the educational richness of a preschool,observers count the number of books and educational toys and observe the number of times teachers read the children a book and play with children using educational toys.These observations would be examples of observational measurement of

Felicia is studying religious affiliation and chooses to measure this by asking respondents how often they celebrate religious holidays in the course of a year.Felicia's study is likely to

A survey uses a closed-ended question to measure which language a respondent learned in early childhood,naming all known languages as possible responses.The survey will likely need to allow respondents to choose more than one option for respondents who learned multiple languages as children.This illustrates that

Write one paragraph identifying a research question that clearly includes an example of a conceptual definition,an operational definition,and a measurement.In your answer,be clear to distinguish between these three components and state their relative levels of abstractness.

In a study of social phenomena that are complex,the researcher creates variables that represent certain units or parts of a concept and assigns values to those variables to set out a blueprint for measurement.This is relevant to the fact that ________ are more abstract and ________ are more concrete.

Which of the following research decisions is associated most closely with the concept of dimensions?

Poverty can be defined according to some specific quantitative criteria,like income,without differentiating poverty by context.This is an example of a(n)

Chenguang has been very careful to clearly define the construct of job satisfaction in her study of employed parents.This is an important step to ensure that

Luka has decided to collect quantitative survey data on health behaviors to test a general theory about social learning.He defines health behaviors as dietary habits and then writes standardized survey questions that measure that dimension of health behaviors.He then collects and analyzes those data.Luka's conceptualization and operationalization decisions follow a(n)________ approach.

When a researcher makes a decision to focus only on certain units or angles of a concept,she is choosing to study only certain

If a researcher creates a measure of exercise frequency by averaging individual reports of exercise behavior across a neighborhood,this researcher is studying exercise at the ________ level.

The reason that variables are more abstract than indicators is that

Although the problem of losing respondents over time can be a problem with longitudinal studies,they are often preferable to cross-sectional designs because they can help researchers detect causal effects.The reason longitudinal studies are better able to detect causal effects is that they can

If a researcher studying poverty decides to measure poverty solely in terms of income,very wealthy people with no income would be erroneously counted as poor.This example shows the problem of measures being