Question 1

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The C3 protein is not involved in the classical pathway. 
B)  C1 is the first protein activated in the pathway. 
C)  Cleavage of complement proteins increases inflammation. 
D)  The classical pathway is activated by antibodies binding to bacterial cells. 
A)  The C3 protein is not involved in the classical pathway. 
B)  C1 is the first protein activated in the pathway. 
C)  Cleavage of complement proteins increases inflammation. 
D)  The classical pathway is activated by antibodies binding to bacterial cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical barrier to infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  skin 
B)  lungs 
C)  defensins 
D)  mucosal membranes 
A)  skin 
B)  lungs 
C)  defensins 
D)  mucosal membranes

Question 3

According to the table below,which type of interferons would induce an increase in MHC expression from host cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type 1 
B)  Type 2 
C)  Both 
D)  None 
A)  Type 1 
B)  Type 2 
C)  Both 
D)  None

Question 4

Penicillin interferes with bacterial cell walls.Which of the following interferes with the bacterial cell wall inside the phagolysosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactoferrin 
B)  defensins 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  oxygen radicals 
A)  lactoferrin 
B)  defensins 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  oxygen radicals

Question 5

Draw and label the process of phagocytosis.Be sure to speak to the main steps in the pathway (adherence,ingestion,and phagolysome formation/destruction).What would happen if an organism was able to avoid phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Adherence: Bacterium binds to the surfac

Question 6

All of the following are mechanisms to avoid digestion by phagocytes EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial capsules. 
B)  formation of phagolysosomes. 
C)  escape from the phagolysosome. 
D)  surviving inside the phagolysosome. 
A)  bacterial capsules. 
B)  formation of phagolysosomes. 
C)  escape from the phagolysosome. 
D)  surviving inside the phagolysosome.

Question 7

Which nonspecific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme-tears 
B)  acidic pH-stomach 
C)  keratin-skin 
D)  Langerhans cell-lungs 
A)  lysozyme-tears 
B)  acidic pH-stomach 
C)  keratin-skin 
D)  Langerhans cell-lungs

Question 8

Toll-like receptors recognize ________ on pathogenic microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

microbe-associated m

Question 9

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils 
B)  monocytes 
C)  eosinophils 
D)  basophils 
A)  neutrophils 
B)  monocytes 
C)  eosinophils 
D)  basophils

Question 10

The figure below highlights the mechanism of extravasation in the inflammatory process.What will be the consequence of neutrophils that do NOT produce integrins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophils will bind to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. 
B)  Neutrophils will be able to bind to the vascular wall. 
C)  Neutrophils will undergo extravasation. 
D)  Neutrophils will not lock onto endothelial adhesion molecules. 
A)  Neutrophils will bind to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. 
B)  Neutrophils will be able to bind to the vascular wall. 
C)  Neutrophils will undergo extravasation. 
D)  Neutrophils will not lock onto endothelial adhesion molecules.

Question 11

Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes:
a. Shigella dysenteriae
b. Salmonella typhimurium 
c. Listeria monocytogenes

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is very effective at killin

Question 12

Compare and contrast the innate and adaptive immune responses.

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is constantly "on" and i

Question 13

All of the following occur during a fever.What is the first step?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostaglandins are produced. 
B)  Pyrogenic cytokines bind to receptors on the hypothalamus. 
C)  Body temperature is reset to where the body thinks it is cool. 
D)  Involuntary muscle contractions generate heat. 
A)  Prostaglandins are produced. 
B)  Pyrogenic cytokines bind to receptors on the hypothalamus. 
C)  Body temperature is reset to where the body thinks it is cool. 
D)  Involuntary muscle contractions generate heat.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I and type II interferons have the same effect on the body. 
B)  Interferon-alpha promotes phagocytosis. 
C)  Type II interferons increase MHC antigens on the surface of macrophages. 
D)  Interferon-gamma is a type I interferon. 
A)  Type I and type II interferons have the same effect on the body. 
B)  Interferon-alpha promotes phagocytosis. 
C)  Type II interferons increase MHC antigens on the surface of macrophages. 
D)  Interferon-gamma is a type I interferon.

Question 15

The complement cascade produces all of the following outcomes EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  creating pores in bacterial membranes. 
B)  increasing phagocytosis. 
C)  attracting white blood cells. 
D)  decreasing inflammation. 
A)  creating pores in bacterial membranes. 
B)  increasing phagocytosis. 
C)  attracting white blood cells. 
D)  decreasing inflammation.

Question 16

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  extravasation. 
B)  release of cytokines. 
C)  antibody synthesis. 
D)  vasodilation. 
A)  extravasation. 
B)  release of cytokines. 
C)  antibody synthesis. 
D)  vasodilation.

Question 17

A consequence of chronic inflammation for the host is the formation of a

Accepted Answer

A)  boil. 
B)  granuloma. 
C)  abscess. 
D)  cyst. 
A)  boil. 
B)  granuloma. 
C)  abscess. 
D)  cyst.

Question 18

Substances that cause fever are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Substances that cause fever are known as...

Question 19

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  inflammation. 
C)  activation of complement. 
D)  production of antibody. 
A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  inflammation. 
C)  activation of complement. 
D)  production of antibody.

Question 20

The classical,alternative,and lectin complement pathways all converge with the activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  C1. 
B)  C2. 
C)  C3. 
D)  C5. 
A)  C1. 
B)  C2. 
C)  C3. 
D)  C5.

Exam 15: The Immune System: Inflammation and Innate Immunity

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical barrier to infection?

According to the table below,which type of interferons would induce an increase in MHC expression from host cells?

Penicillin interferes with bacterial cell walls.Which of the following interferes with the bacterial cell wall inside the phagolysosome?

Draw and label the process of phagocytosis.Be sure to speak to the main steps in the pathway (adherence,ingestion,and phagolysome formation/destruction).What would happen if an organism was able to avoid phagocytosis?

All of the following are mechanisms to avoid digestion by phagocytes EXCEPT

Which nonspecific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Toll-like receptors recognize ________ on pathogenic microorganisms.

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

The figure below highlights the mechanism of extravasation in the inflammatory process.What will be the consequence of neutrophils that do NOT produce integrins?

Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes: a. Shigella dysenteriae b. Salmonella typhimurium c. Listeria monocytogenes

Compare and contrast the innate and adaptive immune responses.

All of the following occur during a fever.What is the first step?

Which of the following statements is true?

The complement cascade produces all of the following outcomes EXCEPT

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

A consequence of chronic inflammation for the host is the formation of a

Substances that cause fever are known as ________.

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

The classical,alternative,and lectin complement pathways all converge with the activation of

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