Question 1

Factors that affect the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions include:

Accepted Answer

A) temperature 
B) pH 
C) concentration of enzyme 
D) all of these 
A) temperature 
B) pH 
C) concentration of enzyme 
D) all of these

Question 2

Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs when the inhibitor:

Accepted Answer

A) binds to the active site of the enzyme. 
B) binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme. 
C) inhibitor changes the shape of the enzyme. 
D) inhibitor is acted upon by the enzyme. 
A) binds to the active site of the enzyme. 
B) binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme. 
C) inhibitor changes the shape of the enzyme. 
D) inhibitor is acted upon by the enzyme.

Question 3

Photoautotrophs obtain energy from:

Accepted Answer

A) light and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source 
B) organic molecules and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source 
C) inorganic substances and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source 
D) light and use organic substances as a carbon source 
A) light and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source 
B) organic molecules and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source 
C) inorganic substances and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source 
D) light and use organic substances as a carbon source

Question 4

Enzymes work by:

Accepted Answer

A) lowering the energy of the reactants. 
B) raising the energy of the products. 
C) decreasing the activation energy of the reaction. 
D) increasing the activation energy of the reaction. 
A) lowering the energy of the reactants. 
B) raising the energy of the products. 
C) decreasing the activation energy of the reaction. 
D) increasing the activation energy of the reaction.

Question 5

An enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrate binds to an enzyme at the enzyme's ______ site.

Accepted Answer

A) catalytic 
B) allosteric 
C) operative 
D) active 
A) catalytic 
B) allosteric 
C) operative 
D) active

Question 6

What is returned to chlorophyll in cyclic photophosphorylation that is not returned in non-cyclic photoreduction

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) Light 
C) Energy 
D) Electrons 
A) ATP 
B) Light 
C) Energy 
D) Electrons

Question 7

The green sulfur and purple sulfur bacteria are capable of:

Accepted Answer

A) carrying out photosynthesis 
B) only obtaining energy from organic molecules 
C) bypassing glycolysis for the Krebs cycle 
D) metabolizing without enzymes 
A) carrying out photosynthesis 
B) only obtaining energy from organic molecules 
C) bypassing glycolysis for the Krebs cycle 
D) metabolizing without enzymes

Question 8

Which reaction takes place in the mitochondrial membrane

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis 
B) Fermentation 
C) Krebs cycle 
D) Electron transport chain 
A) Glycolysis 
B) Fermentation 
C) Krebs cycle 
D) Electron transport chain

Question 9

Organisms that can use oxygen for metabolic reactions but can also function in an environment devoid of oxygen are termed _____.

Accepted Answer

A) aerobes 
B) anaerobes 
C) aerophiles 
D) facultative anaerobes 
A) aerobes 
B) anaerobes 
C) aerophiles 
D) facultative anaerobes

Question 10

In the electron transport chain,the energy to make ATP comes directly from _____.

Accepted Answer

A) FAD 
B) NADH 
C) both FAD and NADH 
D) neither FAD nor NADH 
A) FAD 
B) NADH 
C) both FAD and NADH 
D) neither FAD nor NADH

Question 11

Animals (humans for example)are:

Accepted Answer

A) photoautotrophs 
B) photheterotrophs 
C) chemoautotrophs 
D) chemoheterotrophs 
A) photoautotrophs 
B) photheterotrophs 
C) chemoautotrophs 
D) chemoheterotrophs

Question 12

Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain the energy they need from:

Accepted Answer

A) the reactions of photosynthesis 
B) sunlight 
C) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
D) chemical reactions in their cytoplasm centered around the use of inorganic substances 
A) the reactions of photosynthesis 
B) sunlight 
C) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
D) chemical reactions in their cytoplasm centered around the use of inorganic substances

Question 13

Oxidation is defined as the ________ while reduction is the ________ .

Accepted Answer

A) gain of electrons,loss of protons 
B) loss of electrons,gain of protons 
C) loss of electrons,gain of electrons 
D) loss of protons,gain of protons 
A) gain of electrons,loss of protons 
B) loss of electrons,gain of protons 
C) loss of electrons,gain of electrons 
D) loss of protons,gain of protons

Question 14

The initial breakdown of glucose in a eukaryotic cell takes place in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) golgi 
C) nucleus 
D) cell membranes 
A) cytoplasm 
B) golgi 
C) nucleus 
D) cell membranes

Question 15

Glucose is to photosynthesis as pyruvate is to:

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) glycolysis 
C) fermentation 
D) Krebs cycle 
A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) glycolysis 
C) fermentation 
D) Krebs cycle

Question 16

How does concentration affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Accepted Answer

A) As the concentration of the product goes up the enzyme increases the rate it produces the product. 
B) Concentration does not affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions because they are irreversible. 
C) At chemical equilibrium,no net change in the concentration of the product or substrate occurs. 
D) The quantity of enzyme available usually controls the rate of a metabolic reaction. 
A) As the concentration of the product goes up the enzyme increases the rate it produces the product. 
B) Concentration does not affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions because they are irreversible. 
C) At chemical equilibrium,no net change in the concentration of the product or substrate occurs. 
D) The quantity of enzyme available usually controls the rate of a metabolic reaction.

Question 17

During glycolysis,electrons are initially transferred to:

Accepted Answer

A) NAD⁺ 
B) FAD 
C) NADP 
D) H₂O 
A) NAD⁺ 
B) FAD 
C) NADP 
D) H₂O

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is true

Accepted Answer

A) Most noncompetitive inhibitors bind to several different sites on an enzyme. 
B) Enzymes become less efficient as temperatures drop because they begin to denature. 
C) Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site. 
D) Most human enzymes have an optimum temperature below normal body temperature. 
A) Most noncompetitive inhibitors bind to several different sites on an enzyme. 
B) Enzymes become less efficient as temperatures drop because they begin to denature. 
C) Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site. 
D) Most human enzymes have an optimum temperature below normal body temperature.

Question 19

Organisms which get their carbon from other organisms are:

Accepted Answer

A) autotrophs 
B) chemotrophs 
C) phototrophs 
D) heterotrophs 
A) autotrophs 
B) chemotrophs 
C) phototrophs 
D) heterotrophs

Question 20

In algae,the dark reactions of photosynthesis occur in the:

Accepted Answer

A) cell membrane 
B) matrix of the mitochondria 
C) stroma of the chloroplast 
D) nucleus 
A) cell membrane 
B) matrix of the mitochondria 
C) stroma of the chloroplast 
D) nucleus

Exam 6: Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Factors that affect the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions include:

Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs when the inhibitor:

Photoautotrophs obtain energy from:

Enzymes work by:

An enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrate binds to an enzyme at the enzyme's ______ site.

What is returned to chlorophyll in cyclic photophosphorylation that is not returned in non-cyclic photoreduction

The green sulfur and purple sulfur bacteria are capable of:

Which reaction takes place in the mitochondrial membrane

Organisms that can use oxygen for metabolic reactions but can also function in an environment devoid of oxygen are termed _____.

In the electron transport chain,the energy to make ATP comes directly from _____.

Animals (humans for example)are:

Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain the energy they need from:

Oxidation is defined as the ________ while reduction is the ________ .

The initial breakdown of glucose in a eukaryotic cell takes place in the _____.

Glucose is to photosynthesis as pyruvate is to:

How does concentration affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions

During glycolysis,electrons are initially transferred to:

Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is true

Organisms which get their carbon from other organisms are:

In algae,the dark reactions of photosynthesis occur in the:

Scope and History of Microbiology

The Microbiome

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: The Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immune Disorders

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, and Systemic Diseases

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

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Oxidation is defined as the while reduction is the .