Question 1

Normal aging results in progressive loss of muscle mass characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) Death of alpha motorneurons at the spinal cord resulting in decline of innervation to individual muscles. 
B) Reduction in size but not number of muscle fibers. 
C) Atrophy of type I fibers and hypertrophy of Type II muscle fibers. 
D) Loss of muscle mass beginning in the sixth decade of life. 
A) Death of alpha motorneurons at the spinal cord resulting in decline of innervation to individual muscles. 
B) Reduction in size but not number of muscle fibers. 
C) Atrophy of type I fibers and hypertrophy of Type II muscle fibers. 
D) Loss of muscle mass beginning in the sixth decade of life. A

Question 2

Prevention through healthy life choices is important for slowing the decline of function in the older adult.Which of the following is an example of a prevention activity that a 70-year-old individual could adopt as a means to slow progression of primary aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Sit down and rest several times per day. 
B) Sleep at least 10 hours per night. 
C) Avoid stairs to reduce risk of falls. 
D) Take an aerobics class 2-3 times per week. 
A) Sit down and rest several times per day. 
B) Sleep at least 10 hours per night. 
C) Avoid stairs to reduce risk of falls. 
D) Take an aerobics class 2-3 times per week. D

Question 3

A 60-year-old female is referred to rehabilitation for evaluation and assessment after several recent falls.Which of the following describes indications that are suspicious of tertiary osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) History of spinal compression fractures and a height loss of 3 inches 
B) Transient joint and bone pain 
C) Family history of osteoporosis, personal history of smoking and alcohol abuse 
D) Sedentary life-style, obesity, kyphotic posture 
A) History of spinal compression fractures and a height loss of 3 inches 
B) Transient joint and bone pain 
C) Family history of osteoporosis, personal history of smoking and alcohol abuse 
D) Sedentary life-style, obesity, kyphotic posture A

Question 4

Your patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus and is on insulin.He arrives at 9 a.m.for a 1-hour resistance, aerobic, balance, and flexibility program under your supervision.You inquire whether he has checked his glucose level this morning and he indicates that it was 100 mg/dL.What decision do you make about his treatment today?

Accepted Answer

A) No exercises can be performed; reschedule him for tomorrow. 
B) Call the emergency medical service because his condition is unstable. 
C) Proceed with exercises while monitoring his tolerance and provide a carbohydrate snack and fluids to assure hydration. 
D) Use this day to advance his program to the next level, challenging him with high-intensity, progressive activities 
A) No exercises can be performed; reschedule him for tomorrow. 
B) Call the emergency medical service because his condition is unstable. 
C) Proceed with exercises while monitoring his tolerance and provide a carbohydrate snack and fluids to assure hydration. 
D) Use this day to advance his program to the next level, challenging him with high-intensity, progressive activities

Question 5

Standardized testing should be used with all patients to establish a baseline for initiation of activities.The design of an exercise program for the older adult should include performance of specific tests to measure performance levels and tolerance for activities.Which of the following will provide a measure of self-perceived intensity of exercise based on level of exertion?

Accepted Answer

A) Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX⁾ 
B) Timed-up-and-Go test (TUG) 
C) Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, & Injuries tool (STEADI) 
D) Borg scale of perceived exertion 
A) Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX⁾ 
B) Timed-up-and-Go test (TUG) 
C) Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, & Injuries tool (STEADI) 
D) Borg scale of perceived exertion

Question 6

Which of the following combinations of activities best describes a balanced multidimensional exercise program designed for the older adult to emphasize healthy living?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive range of motion (PROM), ambulation, resistance training with less than 5 pounds for the arms and less than 10 pounds for the legs 
B) Low-impact aerobics, water resistance exercises, active range of motion (AROM) 
C) Aerobics, flexibility, strengthening, balance 
D) Unweighted rowing, bicycling, neutral incline treadmill walking 
A) Passive range of motion (PROM), ambulation, resistance training with less than 5 pounds for the arms and less than 10 pounds for the legs 
B) Low-impact aerobics, water resistance exercises, active range of motion (AROM) 
C) Aerobics, flexibility, strengthening, balance 
D) Unweighted rowing, bicycling, neutral incline treadmill walking

Question 7

Abnormally diminished muscular function or mobility experienced by many older adults in the old-old stage of life is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) Hypokinesis. 
B) Secondary aging. 
C) Senescence. 
D) Sarcopenia. 
A) Hypokinesis. 
B) Secondary aging. 
C) Senescence. 
D) Sarcopenia.

Question 8

Exercise is described as planned, structured, and repetitive in nature.All of the following are examples of exercises for the older adult except:

Accepted Answer

A) Tai Chi classes. 
B) Aerobic classes. 
C) Fixing meals. 
D) Walking with a weighted vest. 
A) Tai Chi classes. 
B) Aerobic classes. 
C) Fixing meals. 
D) Walking with a weighted vest.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes what is visually depicted in the WAMI-3 model?

Accepted Answer

A) A comparison of three stages of life aging using chronological versus functional age. 
B) The progression of fall risk based on comorbidity, disease processes, and aging 
C) The progressive loss of strength and power, bone strength, muscle mass, and cardiovascular and pulmonary function associated with aging and the impact of physical activity and exercise. 
D) Representation of three stereotypes related to aging that have created a lack of focus on the importance of exercise and wellness for the older adult 
A) A comparison of three stages of life aging using chronological versus functional age. 
B) The progression of fall risk based on comorbidity, disease processes, and aging 
C) The progressive loss of strength and power, bone strength, muscle mass, and cardiovascular and pulmonary function associated with aging and the impact of physical activity and exercise. 
D) Representation of three stereotypes related to aging that have created a lack of focus on the importance of exercise and wellness for the older adult

Question 10

Older adults become less efficient during gait.A common gait deviation that contributes to this inefficiency is:

Accepted Answer

A) Faster gait speed. 
B) Lack of hip extension. 
C) Exaggerated heel strike. 
D) Narrow step width. 
A) Faster gait speed. 
B) Lack of hip extension. 
C) Exaggerated heel strike. 
D) Narrow step width.

Question 11

A 68-year-old female patient with mild osteoarthritis (OA) of the hips and knees and a recent diagnosis of sarcopenia obesity has been referred to you for strength training.What special considerations will be necessary for you to consider when developing a resistance training program for this individual?

Accepted Answer

A) The first priority should be weight loss management to reduce the stress on the joints.The program should be designed to burn more calories than consumed using high-intensity, resistance exercises. 
B) Limit exercise to three times a week to control the inflammatory response of the OA and instruct the patient that resistance exercise must be performed at very low intensity because of the frailty associated with the sarcopenia. 
C) Resistance training is indicated for both diagnoses and should be tailored to match frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise to her abilities and goals. 
D) Resistance training is contraindicated because of the risk factors for potential stress fractures, falls, and cardiac compromise associated with her diagnoses. 
A) The first priority should be weight loss management to reduce the stress on the joints.The program should be designed to burn more calories than consumed using high-intensity, resistance exercises. 
B) Limit exercise to three times a week to control the inflammatory response of the OA and instruct the patient that resistance exercise must be performed at very low intensity because of the frailty associated with the sarcopenia. 
C) Resistance training is indicated for both diagnoses and should be tailored to match frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise to her abilities and goals. 
D) Resistance training is contraindicated because of the risk factors for potential stress fractures, falls, and cardiac compromise associated with her diagnoses.

Question 12

Which of the following accurately represents appropriate guidelines for developing a safe and effective progressive resistance training program for your patient who is age 85?

Accepted Answer

A) High-intensity progressive resistance exercise is contraindicated in patients older than age 80. 
B) Each session should include warm-up, stretching, functional or sport-specific exercises, and cool-down. 
C) Strength cannot be gained in patients with low muscle mass, and resistance training will be detrimental. 
D) Resistance exercises beyond the seventh decade should only be performed as part of an aquatic program to reduce the stress on joints and soft tissue. 
A) High-intensity progressive resistance exercise is contraindicated in patients older than age 80. 
B) Each session should include warm-up, stretching, functional or sport-specific exercises, and cool-down. 
C) Strength cannot be gained in patients with low muscle mass, and resistance training will be detrimental. 
D) Resistance exercises beyond the seventh decade should only be performed as part of an aquatic program to reduce the stress on joints and soft tissue.

Question 13

Aging that occurs as a natural developmental process as a result of the passage of time is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) Primary aging. 
B) Hypokinesis. 
C) Sarcopenia. 
D) Secondary aging. 
A) Primary aging. 
B) Hypokinesis. 
C) Sarcopenia. 
D) Secondary aging.

Question 14

The Wellness Aging Model Related to Illness, Injury, and Mobility (WAMI-3) exemplifies the concept that physical activity and exercise add life to years.All of the following behaviors will produce a leftward shift on the WAMI-3 indicating a decline in function except:

Accepted Answer

A) Bed rest. 
B) Early mobilization. 
C) Hypokinesis. 
D) Osteoporosis. 
A) Bed rest. 
B) Early mobilization. 
C) Hypokinesis. 
D) Osteoporosis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a consideration when designing aerobic exercise programs for an older adult population?

Accepted Answer

A) Aerobic exercise is contraindicated after age 80 unless it is performed in water. 
B) Maximum heart rate is age-related and decreases with age. 
C) Blood pressure decreases because of increased peripheral vascular resistance. 
D) Heart rate increases, resulting in greater cardiac stroke volume. 
A) Aerobic exercise is contraindicated after age 80 unless it is performed in water. 
B) Maximum heart rate is age-related and decreases with age. 
C) Blood pressure decreases because of increased peripheral vascular resistance. 
D) Heart rate increases, resulting in greater cardiac stroke volume.

Normal aging results in progressive loss of muscle mass characterized by:

Prevention through healthy life choices is important for slowing the decline of function in the older adult.Which of the following is an example of a prevention activity that a 70-year-old individual could adopt as a means to slow progression of primary aging?

A 60-year-old female is referred to rehabilitation for evaluation and assessment after several recent falls.Which of the following describes indications that are suspicious of tertiary osteoporosis?

Which of the following combinations of activities best describes a balanced multidimensional exercise program designed for the older adult to emphasize healthy living?

Abnormally diminished muscular function or mobility experienced by many older adults in the old-old stage of life is defined as:

Exercise is described as planned, structured, and repetitive in nature.All of the following are examples of exercises for the older adult except:

Which of the following best describes what is visually depicted in the WAMI-3 model?

Older adults become less efficient during gait.A common gait deviation that contributes to this inefficiency is:

Which of the following accurately represents appropriate guidelines for developing a safe and effective progressive resistance training program for your patient who is age 85?

Aging that occurs as a natural developmental process as a result of the passage of time is defined as:

The Wellness Aging Model Related to Illness, Injury, and Mobility (WAMI-3) exemplifies the concept that physical activity and exercise add life to years.All of the following behaviors will produce a leftward shift on the WAMI-3 indicating a decline in function except:

Which of the following is a consideration when designing aerobic exercise programs for an older adult population?

Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts

Prevention, Health, and Wellness

Range of Motion

Stretching for Improved Mobility

Peripheral Joint Mobilizationmanipulation

Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance

Principles of Aerobic Exercise

Exercise for Impaired Balance

Aquatic Exercise

Soft Tissue Injury, Repair, and Management

Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Management

Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Management

Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Management

The Spine: Structure, Function, and Posture

The Spine: Management Guidelines

The Spine: Exercise and Manipulation Interventions

The Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle

The Elbow and Forearm Complex

The Wrist and Hand

The Hip

The Knee

The Ankle and Foot

Advanced Functional Training

Womens Health: Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor

Management of Lymphatic Disorders

Filters

Exam 24: Exercise in the Older Adult

Normal aging results in progressive loss of muscle mass characterized by:

Prevention through healthy life choices is important for slowing the decline of function in the older adult.Which of the following is an example of a prevention activity that a 70-year-old individual could adopt as a means to slow progression of primary aging?

A 60-year-old female is referred to rehabilitation for evaluation and assessment after several recent falls.Which of the following describes indications that are suspicious of tertiary osteoporosis?

Which of the following combinations of activities best describes a balanced multidimensional exercise program designed for the older adult to emphasize healthy living?

Abnormally diminished muscular function or mobility experienced by many older adults in the old-old stage of life is defined as:

Exercise is described as planned, structured, and repetitive in nature.All of the following are examples of exercises for the older adult except:

Which of the following best describes what is visually depicted in the WAMI-3 model?

Older adults become less efficient during gait.A common gait deviation that contributes to this inefficiency is:

Which of the following accurately represents appropriate guidelines for developing a safe and effective progressive resistance training program for your patient who is age 85?

Aging that occurs as a natural developmental process as a result of the passage of time is defined as:

The Wellness Aging Model Related to Illness, Injury, and Mobility (WAMI-3) exemplifies the concept that physical activity and exercise add life to years.All of the following behaviors will produce a leftward shift on the WAMI-3 indicating a decline in function except:

Which of the following is a consideration when designing aerobic exercise programs for an older adult population?

Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts

Prevention, Health, and Wellness

Range of Motion

Stretching for Improved Mobility

Peripheral Joint Mobilizationmanipulation

Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance

Principles of Aerobic Exercise

Exercise for Impaired Balance

Aquatic Exercise

Soft Tissue Injury, Repair, and Management

Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Management

Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Management

Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Management

The Spine: Structure, Function, and Posture

The Spine: Management Guidelines

The Spine: Exercise and Manipulation Interventions

The Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle

The Elbow and Forearm Complex

The Wrist and Hand

The Hip

The Knee

The Ankle and Foot

Advanced Functional Training

Womens Health: Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor

Management of Lymphatic Disorders

Filters