Exam 12: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

Moral ______ is when group members whose behaviour undermines the group are punished.

A child who judges whether an act is good in terms of the physical consequences of reward and punishment is reasoning at which of Kohlberg's levels?

In the personal domain,decisions are considered to be "right" or "wrong."

Research on Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning suggests that

Children are more likely to act altruistically when it entails few or modest sacrifices.

Which comment would you expect to hear from Gina,who is in Kohlberg's instrumental orientation stage?

Moral discussions with individuals who reason at higher levels usually improve the reasoning of those who reason at lower levels.

Preschoolers

Relational aggression is more common in girls than boys.

Studies measuring individuals' level of moral reasoning at different ages have found that

Aggressive behaviours and assertive behaviours are the same thing.

Rebecca responded to the Heinz dilemma by saying "Heinz shouldn't steal the drug because stealing is against the law and our society has to outlaw theft in order to be a good place to live." Rebecca is in Kohlberg's ________ stage of moral reasoning.

Simple acts of altruism do not appear until children enter school.

Children are not capable of self-regulation until about five years of age.

In North America and Europe,about 15 percent of schoolchildren are chronic victims of aggression.

Juanita and her friends have set some rules for a playground game.Juanita realizes that these rules will reduce arguments and can be changed if needed.Juanita is showing

Research by Lawrence Walker and his colleagues has shown that youth who are considered to be "moral exemplars"

Individuals who believe that laws become invalid when they no longer benefit individuals have a(n) ________ orientation according to Kohlberg.

The beginnings of self-control occur when children

A child's belief that breaking a rule always leads to punishment is called immanent justice.