Question 1

Relational aggression

Accepted Answer

A) is more common in girls than in boys. 
B) is more common in boys than in girls. 
C) is equally common in boys and girls. 
D) is more common in boys at a younger age but in girls at an older age. 
A) is more common in girls than in boys. 
B) is more common in boys than in girls. 
C) is equally common in boys and girls. 
D) is more common in boys at a younger age but in girls at an older age.

Question 2

According to social cognitive theorists,children learn gender roles

Accepted Answer

A) through observation. 
B) by understanding gender constancy. 
C) by paying more attention to gender-appropriate experiences and events. 
D) through prenatal exposure to sex hormones. 
A) through observation. 
B) by understanding gender constancy. 
C) by paying more attention to gender-appropriate experiences and events. 
D) through prenatal exposure to sex hormones.

Question 3

Eight-year-old Molly and four-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a five-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy.Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys.How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

Accepted Answer

A) Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
B) Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
C) Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys,but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
D) Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys,but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
A) Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
B) Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
C) Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys,but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
D) Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys,but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys.

Question 4

Gender stereotypes

Accepted Answer

A) are limiting because people use them to make assumptions about individuals based on their gender that may not be true. 
B) help people make more accurate inferences about people they don't know very well. 
C) are based on underlying biological sex differences. 
D) are similar in all parts of the world. 
A) are limiting because people use them to make assumptions about individuals based on their gender that may not be true. 
B) help people make more accurate inferences about people they don't know very well. 
C) are based on underlying biological sex differences. 
D) are similar in all parts of the world.

Question 5

Greater aggression in males

Accepted Answer

A) is apparent only in laboratory settings and not in naturalistic settings. 
B) is found in many nonhuman species. 
C) is found only in North America. 
D) does not seem to have a biological basis. 
A) is apparent only in laboratory settings and not in naturalistic settings. 
B) is found in many nonhuman species. 
C) is found only in North America. 
D) does not seem to have a biological basis.

Question 6

Your friend wonders why girls always seem to do better than boys in classes like English where reading and writing are important.You tell him that,according to your textbook,one possible explanation for girls' verbal superiority over boys is that

Accepted Answer

A) the right hemisphere in the brain may mature more rapidly in girls than in boys. 
B) because reading is often stereotyped as an activity for girls,girls may make more effort to master verbal skills like reading. 
C) girls' mathematical superiority gives them self-confidence that carries over to verbal skills. 
D) a dominant gene on the X chromosome may promote verbal ability. 
A) the right hemisphere in the brain may mature more rapidly in girls than in boys. 
B) because reading is often stereotyped as an activity for girls,girls may make more effort to master verbal skills like reading. 
C) girls' mathematical superiority gives them self-confidence that carries over to verbal skills. 
D) a dominant gene on the X chromosome may promote verbal ability.

Question 7

Television

Accepted Answer

A) tends to depict males and females in gender-stereotyped ways. 
B) does not influence children's gender role stereotypes. 
C) often helps children view males and females in less stereotyped ways. 
D) tends to influence girls' gender-stereotypes more than boys' gender-stereotypes. 
A) tends to depict males and females in gender-stereotyped ways. 
B) does not influence children's gender role stereotypes. 
C) often helps children view males and females in less stereotyped ways. 
D) tends to influence girls' gender-stereotypes more than boys' gender-stereotypes.

Question 8

________ appear(s) to contribute to gender roles and gender differences.

Accepted Answer

A) Biology 
B) Socializing influences including people and the media 
C) Children's own thinking 
D) Biology,socializing influences,and children's own thinking 
A) Biology 
B) Socializing influences including people and the media 
C) Children's own thinking 
D) Biology,socializing influences,and children's own thinking

Question 9

Twin studies show a substantial impact of heredity on gender-role learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is true regarding gender differences in memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Boys and men more accurately remember the location of objects than girls and women. 
B) Boys and men more accurately remember the identity of objects than girls and women. 
C) Gender-related differences in memory have been documented for many years. 
D) Gender-related differences in memory may be linked to the fact that the hippocampus is larger in females than it is in males. 
A) Boys and men more accurately remember the location of objects than girls and women. 
B) Boys and men more accurately remember the identity of objects than girls and women. 
C) Gender-related differences in memory have been documented for many years. 
D) Gender-related differences in memory may be linked to the fact that the hippocampus is larger in females than it is in males.

Question 11

At about ________ years of age,children start to prefer playing with same-sex peers.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 to 3 
B) 4 to 5 
C) 7 to 8 
D) 10 to 12 
A) 2 to 3 
B) 4 to 5 
C) 7 to 8 
D) 10 to 12

Question 12

Matthew,a preschooler,sees a boy playing with dolls.Matthew is likely to

Accepted Answer

A) also want to play with dolls. 
B) not yet understand that the boy is engaged in cross-gender play. 
C) tease the boy for playing with dolls. 
D) be accepting of the boy even though he knows that he is playing with a girls' toy. 
A) also want to play with dolls. 
B) not yet understand that the boy is engaged in cross-gender play. 
C) tease the boy for playing with dolls. 
D) be accepting of the boy even though he knows that he is playing with a girls' toy.

Question 13

For most traits,

Accepted Answer

A) gender differences are quite large. 
B) the distributions of the traits for males and females do not overlap. 
C) gender differences are small for group averages but are quite substantial for people at the ends of the distributions. 
D) gender differences occur for most traits. 
A) gender differences are quite large. 
B) the distributions of the traits for males and females do not overlap. 
C) gender differences are small for group averages but are quite substantial for people at the ends of the distributions. 
D) gender differences occur for most traits.

Question 14

Who has the most accurate opinion about gender differences in math skills?

Accepted Answer

A) Rosie,who thinks that boys usually get better grades than girls in high school math courses. 
B) Opal,who thinks that in elementary school,girls are better than boys in math achievement. 
C) Sally,who thinks that girls are better than boys in math skills at all ages. 
D) Gerald,who thinks that boys are better than girls in all areas of math at all ages. 
A) Rosie,who thinks that boys usually get better grades than girls in high school math courses. 
B) Opal,who thinks that in elementary school,girls are better than boys in math achievement. 
C) Sally,who thinks that girls are better than boys in math skills at all ages. 
D) Gerald,who thinks that boys are better than girls in all areas of math at all ages.

Question 15

Research suggests that boys ________ than girls.

Accepted Answer

A) are healthier 
B) have better verbal ability 
C) have better spatial ability 
D) are more easily influenced by others 
A) are healthier 
B) have better verbal ability 
C) have better spatial ability 
D) are more easily influenced by others

Question 16

Which of the following is an expressive trait?

Accepted Answer

A) self-confidence 
B) mechanical aptitude 
C) consideration 
D) dominance 
A) self-confidence 
B) mechanical aptitude 
C) consideration 
D) dominance

Question 17

Dr.Root finds that males on average are slightly higher than females on Trait A.What is this most likely to mean?

Accepted Answer

A) The boy with the lowest level of Trait A will be higher in Trait A than the girl with the highest level of Trait A. 
B) The girl with the lowest level of Trait A will be higher in Trait A than the boy with the highest level of Trait A. 
C) There will be many more boys than girls with very low levels of Trait A. 
D) There will be many more boys than girls with very high levels of Trait A. 
A) The boy with the lowest level of Trait A will be higher in Trait A than the girl with the highest level of Trait A. 
B) The girl with the lowest level of Trait A will be higher in Trait A than the boy with the highest level of Trait A. 
C) There will be many more boys than girls with very low levels of Trait A. 
D) There will be many more boys than girls with very high levels of Trait A.

Question 18

Cross-cultural assessments of gender differences in math have shown that

Accepted Answer

A) almost invariably,boys out-perform girls. 
B) in the vast majority of countries,there are no gender differences. 
C) usually,girls out-perform boys. 
D) gender differences vary a great deal. 
A) almost invariably,boys out-perform girls. 
B) in the vast majority of countries,there are no gender differences. 
C) usually,girls out-perform boys. 
D) gender differences vary a great deal.

Question 19

Most children have acquired extensive knowledge of gender-stereotyped activities by age

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 1 
D) 2 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 1 
D) 2

Question 20

Research suggests that,as a typical five-year-old,Megan most likely

Accepted Answer

A) has not yet begun to form gender stereotypes. 
B) has extensive knowledge of gender-stereotyped activities. 
C) believes more traits are stereotypically masculine or feminine than do adults. 
D) has adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes. 
A) has not yet begun to form gender stereotypes. 
B) has extensive knowledge of gender-stereotyped activities. 
C) believes more traits are stereotypically masculine or feminine than do adults. 
D) has adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes.

Relational aggression

According to social cognitive theorists,children learn gender roles

Eight-year-old Molly and four-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a five-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy.Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys.How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

Gender stereotypes

Greater aggression in males

Your friend wonders why girls always seem to do better than boys in classes like English where reading and writing are important.You tell him that,according to your textbook,one possible explanation for girls' verbal superiority over boys is that

Television

________ appear(s) to contribute to gender roles and gender differences.

Twin studies show a substantial impact of heredity on gender-role learning.

What is true regarding gender differences in memory?

At about ________ years of age,children start to prefer playing with same-sex peers.

Matthew,a preschooler,sees a boy playing with dolls.Matthew is likely to

For most traits,

Who has the most accurate opinion about gender differences in math skills?

Research suggests that boys ________ than girls.

Which of the following is an expressive trait?

Dr.Root finds that males on average are slightly higher than females on Trait A.What is this most likely to mean?

Cross-cultural assessments of gender differences in math have shown that

Most children have acquired extensive knowledge of gender-stereotyped activities by age

Research suggests that,as a typical five-year-old,Megan most likely

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Exam 13: Gender and Development

Relational aggression

According to social cognitive theorists,children learn gender roles

Eight-year-old Molly and four-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a five-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy.Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys.How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

Gender stereotypes

Greater aggression in males

Your friend wonders why girls always seem to do better than boys in classes like English where reading and writing are important.You tell him that,according to your textbook,one possible explanation for girls' verbal superiority over boys is that

Television

________ appear(s) to contribute to gender roles and gender differences.

Twin studies show a substantial impact of heredity on gender-role learning.

What is true regarding gender differences in memory?

At about ________ years of age,children start to prefer playing with same-sex peers.

Matthew,a preschooler,sees a boy playing with dolls.Matthew is likely to

For most traits,

Who has the most accurate opinion about gender differences in math skills?

Research suggests that boys ________ than girls.

Which of the following is an expressive trait?

Dr.Root finds that males on average are slightly higher than females on Trait A.What is this most likely to mean?

Cross-cultural assessments of gender differences in math have shown that

Most children have acquired extensive knowledge of gender-stereotyped activities by age

Research suggests that,as a typical five-year-old,Megan most likely

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behaviour

Social Influences

Filters