Question 1

Describe the use of digital gene expression (DGE) in host-pathogen relations. How does it work and what information can it tell us?

Accepted Answer

DGE is a technology that uses beads cove

Question 2

The disease filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoparasite 
B)  endoparasite 
C)  insect 
D)  bacterium 
E)  fungus 
A)  ectoparasite 
B)  endoparasite 
C)  insect 
D)  bacterium 
E)  fungus

Question 3

Which of the following are also known as frank, or strict, pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  parasites 
B)  endoparasites 
C)  ectoparasites 
D)  primary pathogens 
E)  opportunistic pathogens 
A)  parasites 
B)  endoparasites 
C)  ectoparasites 
D)  primary pathogens 
E)  opportunistic pathogens

Question 4

The likely mode of transmission of a bacterial disease in which incidence increases with a prolonged warm summer is:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct transmission 
B)  airborne transmission 
C)  insect vector transmission 
D)  common source fomite 
E)  sexual transmission 
A)  direct transmission 
B)  airborne transmission 
C)  insect vector transmission 
D)  common source fomite 
E)  sexual transmission

Question 5

Superantigens:

Accepted Answer

A)  bore holes on eukaryotic cell membranes 
B)  inhibit phagocytosis 
C)  prevent degranulation of macrophages 
D)  are antipyrogenic 
E)  activate immune cells without being processed 
A)  bore holes on eukaryotic cell membranes 
B)  inhibit phagocytosis 
C)  prevent degranulation of macrophages 
D)  are antipyrogenic 
E)  activate immune cells without being processed

Question 6

What is a possible role for quorum sensing in pathogenicity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It detects and responds to the pH as an indicator of the environment. 
B)  It delays production of toxins that may alert the host to the presence of the bacteria. 
C)  It monitors and responds to concentrations of ions such as magnesium. 
D)  It senses and responds to the population of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  It helps the pathogen escape the adaptive immune response. 
A)  It detects and responds to the pH as an indicator of the environment. 
B)  It delays production of toxins that may alert the host to the presence of the bacteria. 
C)  It monitors and responds to concentrations of ions such as magnesium. 
D)  It senses and responds to the population of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  It helps the pathogen escape the adaptive immune response.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis 
A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis

Question 8

What are the subunits of the Bacillus anthracis plasmid-encoded toxin? Why is the edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) alone nontoxic to the host?.

Accepted Answer

The subunits of the tripartite toxin res

Question 9

Which of the following produces a toxin that disrupts protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium perfringens 
B)  Shigella dysenteriae 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Bacillus anthracis 
A)  Clostridium perfringens 
B)  Shigella dysenteriae 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Bacillus anthracis

Question 10

Type III and type I pili:

Accepted Answer

A)  are similar to type IV in mode of secretion 
B)  are both mannose-resistant 
C)  both have an assembly that involves the secA general secretory pathway 
D)  are encoded by a pathogenicity island 
E)  are exclusively used for pathogenesis 
A)  are similar to type IV in mode of secretion 
B)  are both mannose-resistant 
C)  both have an assembly that involves the secA general secretory pathway 
D)  are encoded by a pathogenicity island 
E)  are exclusively used for pathogenesis

Question 11

Briefly describe three classic modes of action of bacterial toxins. How are they similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

(1) Some microbes damage the host membra

Question 12

The ability to survive in the harsh environment of the phagolysosome is a virulence factor produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  uropathogenic Escherichia coli 
B)  Vibrio cholera 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
E)  Coxilla burnetti 
A)  uropathogenic Escherichia coli 
B)  Vibrio cholera 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
E)  Coxilla burnetti

Question 13

Cholera toxin, produced by Vibrio cholerae, deregulates host cell adenylate cyclase activity. How is this accomplished?

Accepted Answer

G-alpha protein is ADP-ribosylated by ch

Question 14

Helicobacter pylori survives in stomach acid due to what gene product?

Accepted Answer

A)  type IV pilus 
B)  intimin 
C)  DNase 
D)  E3 ligase 
E)  urease 
A)  type IV pilus 
B)  intimin 
C)  DNase 
D)  E3 ligase 
E)  urease

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about a patient who died from endotoxin pathologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disseminated intravascular coagulation may have contributed to death. 
B)  The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, superbug is a likely suspect. 
C)  The patient may have died from hypotension. 
D)  The patient may not have run a fever if AIDS was present. 
E)  The lipid A in the endotoxin is responsible for the virulence. 
A)  Disseminated intravascular coagulation may have contributed to death. 
B)  The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, superbug is a likely suspect. 
C)  The patient may have died from hypotension. 
D)  The patient may not have run a fever if AIDS was present. 
E)  The lipid A in the endotoxin is responsible for the virulence.

Question 16

Synthesis of flagella and pili filaments in Gram-negatives share which of the following attributes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein export systems are used to deliver subunits to the outside. 
B)  Chaperones are not needed for protein transport. 
C)  There is no periplasmic stopover. 
D)  Flagellar and pili proteins are added in sequence intracellularly. 
E)  Flagellar and pili proteins do not extend beyond the periplasm. 
A)  Protein export systems are used to deliver subunits to the outside. 
B)  Chaperones are not needed for protein transport. 
C)  There is no periplasmic stopover. 
D)  Flagellar and pili proteins are added in sequence intracellularly. 
E)  Flagellar and pili proteins do not extend beyond the periplasm.

Question 17

What term is used to designate how many bacteria or viruses are required to kill 50% of an experimental group of hosts?

Accepted Answer

A)  ID50 
B)  LD50 
C)  pathogenicity 
D)  infectivity 
E)  virulence 
A)  ID50 
B)  LD50 
C)  pathogenicity 
D)  infectivity 
E)  virulence

Question 18

Thick polysaccharide capsules are important virulence assets for which bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera 
B)  Clostridium tetani and Bacillus anthracis 
C)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumonia 
D)  Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Helicobacter pylori and Enterobacter cloacae 
A)  Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera 
B)  Clostridium tetani and Bacillus anthracis 
C)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumonia 
D)  Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Helicobacter pylori and Enterobacter cloacae

Question 19

Biofilms play a major role in enhancing bacterial virulence because:

Accepted Answer

A)  biofilm strains are mutants 
B)  the exopolymer matrix is highly toxic and mutagenic 
C)  biofilm bacteria are intracellular pathogens 
D)  bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobials and phagocytosis 
E)  low bacteria density does not alert the human immune system 
A)  biofilm strains are mutants 
B)  the exopolymer matrix is highly toxic and mutagenic 
C)  biofilm bacteria are intracellular pathogens 
D)  bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobials and phagocytosis 
E)  low bacteria density does not alert the human immune system

Question 20

A life-threatening lung infection caused by biofilm formation in cystic fibrosis patients is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Vibrio cholerae 
E)  Bordetella pertussis 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Vibrio cholerae 
E)  Bordetella pertussis

Exam 25: Microbial Pathogenesis

Describe the use of digital gene expression (DGE) in host-pathogen relations. How does it work and what information can it tell us?

The disease filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by a(n):

Which of the following are also known as frank, or strict, pathogens?

The likely mode of transmission of a bacterial disease in which incidence increases with a prolonged warm summer is:

Superantigens:

What is a possible role for quorum sensing in pathogenicity?

Which of the following is an example of an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

What are the subunits of the Bacillus anthracis plasmid-encoded toxin? Why is the edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) alone nontoxic to the host?.

Which of the following produces a toxin that disrupts protein synthesis?

Type III and type I pili:

Briefly describe three classic modes of action of bacterial toxins. How are they similar? How are they different?

The ability to survive in the harsh environment of the phagolysosome is a virulence factor produced by:

Cholera toxin, produced by Vibrio cholerae, deregulates host cell adenylate cyclase activity. How is this accomplished?

Helicobacter pylori survives in stomach acid due to what gene product?

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about a patient who died from endotoxin pathologies?

Synthesis of flagella and pili filaments in Gram-negatives share which of the following attributes?

What term is used to designate how many bacteria or viruses are required to kill 50% of an experimental group of hosts?

Thick polysaccharide capsules are important virulence assets for which bacteria?

Biofilms play a major role in enhancing bacterial virulence because:

A life-threatening lung infection caused by biofilm formation in cystic fibrosis patients is:

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

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Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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