Question 1

Metabolism of a microbe is best examined by growing the organism in a:

Accepted Answer

A)  defined medium 
B)  complex medium 
C)  spread plate 
D)  pour plate 
E)  cell culture 
A)  defined medium 
B)  complex medium 
C)  spread plate 
D)  pour plate 
E)  cell culture A

Question 2

The majority of nitrogen in soil and marine environments is fixed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  free-living bacteria 
B)  symbionts 
C)  E. coli 
D)  biofilm organisms 
E)  UV light 
A)  free-living bacteria 
B)  symbionts 
C)  E. coli 
D)  biofilm organisms 
E)  UV light A

Question 3

Which of the following proteins represents a coupled transport system where two molecules travel in the same direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquaporin 
B)  symport 
C)  antiport 
D)  porin 
E)  diffusion transporters 
A)  aquaporin 
B)  symport 
C)  antiport 
D)  porin 
E)  diffusion transporters B

Question 4

Compare and contrast complex media, synthetic media, and enriched media.

Accepted Answer

Complex media contain things such as yea

Question 5

Why is iron so often a limiting nutrient, when it seems to be so abundant in the environment, and how can organisms overcome this problem?

Accepted Answer

Iron is usually not free in nature but l

Question 6

How do some cyanobacteria fix nitrogen while growing aerobically?

Accepted Answer

A)  They don't, because nitrogenase is destroyed by oxygen. 
B)  They use special cells called heterocysts that protect the enzyme. 
C)  They use cysts that protect the enzyme. 
D)  They do it using no special structures or mechanisms. 
E)  They live symbiotically with other organisms that protect the enzyme. 
A)  They don't, because nitrogenase is destroyed by oxygen. 
B)  They use special cells called heterocysts that protect the enzyme. 
C)  They use cysts that protect the enzyme. 
D)  They do it using no special structures or mechanisms. 
E)  They live symbiotically with other organisms that protect the enzyme.

Question 7

The best method to isolate single colonies is the __________ plate, and the best method to count colonies is the __________ plate.

Accepted Answer

A)  streak; pour 
B)  pour; streak 
C)  defined; complex 
D)  complex; defined 
E)  spread; streak 
A)  streak; pour 
B)  pour; streak 
C)  defined; complex 
D)  complex; defined 
E)  spread; streak

Question 8

In the laboratory, Escherichia coli can divide into two cells every:

Accepted Answer

A)  1-5 minutes 
B)  5-10 minutes 
C)  20-30 minutes 
D)  50-60 minutes 
E)  2 hours 
A)  1-5 minutes 
B)  5-10 minutes 
C)  20-30 minutes 
D)  50-60 minutes 
E)  2 hours

Question 9

__________ can consume glucose and, in the absence of oxygen, can break it down into ethanol and carbon dioxide gas.

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli 
B)  Phototrophs 
C)  Yeast 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Bacteria 
A)  E. coli 
B)  Phototrophs 
C)  Yeast 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Bacteria

Question 10

The time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  lag phase 
B)  early log phase 
C)  late log phase 
D)  stationary phase 
E)  death phase 
A)  lag phase 
B)  early log phase 
C)  late log phase 
D)  stationary phase 
E)  death phase

Question 11

When studying the metabolism of an organism, why is it better to grow organisms in a defined synthetic medium instead of a complex medium?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to characterize an organ

Question 12

Why does a microbe's growth rate in its natural environment vary greatly from that in the laboratory? Give at least two reasons for this.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. A laboratory setting

Question 13

The most widely used solidifying agent is __________, which is derived from seaweed.

Accepted Answer

A)  agar 
B)  gelatin 
C)  starch 
D)  cellulose 
E)  glycogen 
A)  agar 
B)  gelatin 
C)  starch 
D)  cellulose 
E)  glycogen

Question 14

How do scientists know of the existence of "unculturable" organisms?

Accepted Answer

By using molecular biology tools such as

Question 15

A problem with __________ of cell number is that dead cells also scatter light.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct microscopic counts 
B)  viable counts 
C)  spread plate counts 
D)  pour plate counts 
E)  optical density measurements 
A)  direct microscopic counts 
B)  viable counts 
C)  spread plate counts 
D)  pour plate counts 
E)  optical density measurements

Question 16

Eukaryotic microorganisms enter the __________ phase at much lower cell numbers than bacteria simply because they are bigger than bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  lag 
B)  exponential 
C)  stationary 
D)  death 
E)  log 
A)  lag 
B)  exponential 
C)  stationary 
D)  death 
E)  log

Question 17

Which of the following prokaryotic transport systems does NOT require the use of cellular energy to bring compounds into the cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  ABC transport 
C)  siderophores 
D)  group translocation 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  ABC transport 
C)  siderophores 
D)  group translocation 
E)  endocytosis

Question 18

The time interval required for the formation of two cells from one is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  generation time 
B)  growth time 
C)  growth rate 
D)  exponential rate 
E)  log phase 
A)  generation time 
B)  growth time 
C)  growth rate 
D)  exponential rate 
E)  log phase

Question 19

If an organism produces seven offspring per generation, which of the following would express the rate of increase in population, where n corresponds to the number of generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  2n 
B)  n2 
C)  7n 
D)  n7 
E)  2n7 
A)  2n 
B)  n2 
C)  7n 
D)  n7 
E)  2n7

Question 20

During which stage of bacterial growth is the culture growing exponentially?

Accepted Answer

A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death 
A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death

Exam 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Metabolism of a microbe is best examined by growing the organism in a:

The majority of nitrogen in soil and marine environments is fixed by:

Which of the following proteins represents a coupled transport system where two molecules travel in the same direction?

Compare and contrast complex media, synthetic media, and enriched media.

Why is iron so often a limiting nutrient, when it seems to be so abundant in the environment, and how can organisms overcome this problem?

How do some cyanobacteria fix nitrogen while growing aerobically?

The best method to isolate single colonies is the __________ plate, and the best method to count colonies is the __________ plate.

In the laboratory, Escherichia coli can divide into two cells every:

__________ can consume glucose and, in the absence of oxygen, can break it down into ethanol and carbon dioxide gas.

The time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called the:

When studying the metabolism of an organism, why is it better to grow organisms in a defined synthetic medium instead of a complex medium?

Why does a microbe's growth rate in its natural environment vary greatly from that in the laboratory? Give at least two reasons for this.

The most widely used solidifying agent is __________, which is derived from seaweed.

How do scientists know of the existence of "unculturable" organisms?

A problem with __________ of cell number is that dead cells also scatter light.

Eukaryotic microorganisms enter the __________ phase at much lower cell numbers than bacteria simply because they are bigger than bacteria.

Which of the following prokaryotic transport systems does NOT require the use of cellular energy to bring compounds into the cells?

The time interval required for the formation of two cells from one is called the:

If an organism produces seven offspring per generation, which of the following would express the rate of increase in population, where n corresponds to the number of generations?

During which stage of bacterial growth is the culture growing exponentially?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

Filters

The best method to isolate single colonies is the plate, and the best method to count colonies is the plate.