Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Richard is having a seizure in the back of the classroom. His classmates look around at each other, unsure of how to react. As they watch each other doing nothing, they shrug and go about packing up for the next class, assuming that nothing must be wrong because no one else reacted as if it were an emergency. Their reactions illustrate diffusion of responsibility.

____________________ can be defined as ceasing to feel angry toward, and ceasing to seek retribution against, someone who has wronged you.

Egoistic helping is motivated by ____ and the end goal is to ____.

Research on forgiveness in romantic relationships indicates that ____.

When two people play the prisoner's dilemma game against one another, they tend to end up competing ____.

____________________ refers to instances in which each person in a group does his or her part, and together they work toward a common goal.

As described in the text, social psychologists have tended to think about obedience as ____, but obedience ____.

The idea that empathy motivates people to reduce others' distress is known as the ____________________.

When communication is difficult in a prisoner's dilemma game, cooperation ____.

In Milgram's classic research on obedience to authority, which of the following things was true?

The idea that empathy triggers the need for social reward that can be gained by helping is called the ____.

The text defines prosocial behavior as ____.

Many people who hold prejudiced attitudes towards ethnic minority groups attempt to justify their prejudices by suggesting that group competition for jobs, housing, healthcare, and other social resources is a(n) ____. For example, they claim: "The more jobs that other groups get, the fewer good jobs there will be left for people from my group."

In one well-known study on empathy, participants were required to watch a confederate ("Elaine") receive electric shocks. They were told either that they had to watch her receive 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only. They were also told that their values and interests were similar to Elaine's (similarity group), or that their values and interests were different from Elaine's (non-similarity group). After the first two trials were completed, participants were told that Elaine was unusually upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience related to electricity. Participants were asked whether they would be willing to switch places with Elaine. In this study, the 10-trial versus two-trial instruction was designed as a manipulation of ____, and the similar versus dissimilar information was designed to be a manipulation of ____.

In general, when it comes to helping others, males tend to be more helpful than females in many situations. In which of the following situations are males probably NOT more helpful?

In general, which of the following statements is FALSE?

When it comes to helping others, how do humans compare other animals?

The notion that "feeling another's pain" motivates us to help others is called the ____.

According to evolutionary theory on kin selection, monozygotic (identical) twins should help one another more than dizygotic (fraternal) twins.

Research on gender and helping indicates that ____